1. 20th Century China Ms. McCullers, Ms. Martinez, Mrs. Swan

2. The new Republic of China
Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.
Sun Yixian
1st President
( )
Sought to end
foreign control in China’s affairs
Unstable times

3. Chiang Kai-shek Second leader of the Republic of China
1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China
Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party
Dr. Sun Yat-sen
Elected as President of the United Provinces of China in 1913
Helped to build up the Nationalist party and groom Chiang Kai-shek for his future role as leader of the party

4. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
1921- One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party
Led the Long March ( )
1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China
Chairman of the Communist Party ( )
Mao Zedong

5. Mao Zedong-Man of the People
Eight Points for Attention
The Three Rules of Discipline
● prompt obedience to orders,
● No confiscation of peasant property, and
● Prompt delivery directly to
authorities of all items confiscated from landlords.
Be polite when speaking
Be honest when buying and selling
Return all borrowed articles
Pay compensation for everything damaged
Do not hit or swear at others
Do not damage crops
Do not harass females
Do not mistreat prisoners

6. Nationalists vs. Communists
1927—Civil War breaks out between Nationalists & Communists
1931—Mao elected chairman of “Soviet Republic of China”
1934—Chiang Kai-Shek’s Nationalists successfully encircle Red army, Mao removed from power, Red army flees and begins Long March
Long March ends October 20, 1935—Out of 85,000 initial troops, only 8,000 survived the march

7. The Long March

8. The Long March
6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the Chinese Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party).
Communist relocated from Southeast to Northwest.
They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers.
Marched without supplies- foraging and gathering
85,000 men began
the trek; only 8,000
arrived 1 yr later in Yan’an.

9. Japan & WWII(1939-1945) December 7, 1941 -- Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
August  Atomic bombs dropped on Japan
August 14,  V-J Day (Victory in Japan), when the Japanese accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and unconditionally surrendered.
September 2,  Day the Japanese delegation formally signs the instrument of surrender on board the USS Missouri, marking the official ending of World War II.

10. Rebuilding Japan
2 major reasons the United States helped rebuild Japan
1. Stop the spread of communism throughout Asia and promote democracy.
2. Improve Japan's economy in order to trade with them
4 major political reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII.
1. New constitution was put in place
2. Japan became a constitutional monarchy
3. Emperor was stripped of power
4. Women's suffrage (the right to vote)
3 major economic reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII.
1. Improve infrastructure
2. Becomes a market economy
3. Begins to invest in human capital and capital goods
2 major social reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII.
1. English becomes a second language for Japanese students
2. Japan begins to adopt US culture

11. Communist Revolution 1946-1949
Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII.
The end of World War and the beginning of …CIVIL WAR!
Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from Nationalist
Shanghai- 1949

12. The Communist Victory

13. How did they win? Mao won support of peasants – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

14. The People’s Republic of China
Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing
Communist rule in China begins
Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry

15. Great Leap Forward, 1958
● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
● Established Collectives
● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas
● Property held and controlled by government
● Ended after 2 years- failure
● Farmers missed owning land, produced less,
no motivation
to work hard
● Poor crops due to
bad weather
● Famine a result