1. Essential Knowledge List the 5 Pillars of Islam.
3/22/2011
Essential Knowledge
List the 5 Pillars of Islam.
What do Muslims call the pilgrimage to Mecca?
During what month do Muslims fast?
Toward what city must Muslims pray? 8
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2. Geographic Influences of Islam
3/22/2011
Geographic Influences of Islam
SOL 8B 1
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3. Geo influences on origins and spread of Islam:
Islam was diffused along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
Islam expanded despite great distances, deserts, and mountains
Spread into Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia….Byzantine and Persian Empires were weak

4. Deserts Only a small strip of fertile land in south of Saudi Arabia
Few oases
The rest is Desert

5. Trade Routes
Many trade routes connected Arabia to major ocean and land trade routes
Extreme south of the peninsula
To the Byzantine in the north
Caravan routes went to the Silk Roads in the east
Transported spices to the west

7. Geo influences on eco, social, and political development
Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short lived
Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands
Slavery was not based on race

8. Crisis Muhammad dies in 632 Muslims now had to find a new leader
Muhammad did not name a successor

9. Solution Muslims chose Abu-Bakr who was a loyal friend of Muhammad
He became the first Caliph
Caliph – (kay-lif) means successor or deputy

10. Abu-Bakr After Muhammad died some Muslims
Refused to pay taxes
Tried to say they were prophets themselves
Some tribes abandoned Islam
In order to get things under control, Abu-Bakr used the military to get authority.

11. Muslim States
By the time Abu died, the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia
Under the next 2 caliphs they took:
Syria
Lower Egypt
Parts of Persia
By 750 they controlled from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River (2x the width of the USA!!)

13. Muslim Troops They were successful because they were
Willing to struggle till the end for Islam
Well disciplined
Expertly commanded
Enemies were not used to their style of warfare

14. Major Turning Points SOL 8c
Islam
Major Turning Points
SOL 8c

15. Umayyads A family that came to power in 661
They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders.
They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus

17. Umayyads Surrounded themselves with riches
Some Muslims did not agree with the Umayyads and split.

18. Shi’ah and Sunni Division
Shortly after Muhammad’s death differences in deciding the caliph ( religious successor) first caliph: Abu Bakr
Shi’ah believed leaderships should be with a member of his family
Sunni believed based on merit/leadership

19. The Split
Muslims split into two groups:
Muslims
SUNNI
SHI'A

20. SHI’A
Believe the leader should be a relative of Muhammad

21. SUNNI
This group followed the Umayyad rule and followed Muhammad’s example.

22. Two Sects of Islam Sunni Shi’ah Majority 90% Traditional
Does not believe that the Islamic leader has to be a direct heir of Muhammad
Shi’ah
Minority 10%
Militant
Believe that only descents of Muhammad should be leaders

23. Sufi Another group who reacted against the rich life of the Umayyads
They led a life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual life of Islam
They meditated and chanted
Focused on the Quran

24. Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus
Damascus conquered during Middle Ages
Jerusalem -also conquered during Middle Ages
- the third most important city in Islam.

25. Battle of Tours
Muslims defeated by Franks led by Charles Martel “the hammer”
100 miles from Paris
Stopped the advance

26. Play: The Battle of Tours
Abd
Gille
Charles
Akar
Ren
Imad
Omar
Gamel
Rahman

27. To do list:
Complete Spread of Islam worksheet