1. The Early Kingdoms
Chapter 2

2. The Achaeans 2000 B.C.E., horsemen invaded Greece
Horsemen were called the Achaeans by Homer, destroyed the small villages
Claimed land for themselves, spoke language that would soon be Greek

3. Building Communities
The Achaean chieftains seized any farm land they could find.
each built mini kingdom there with walls and soldiers.
Chieftain lived there with his family and servants.
Built a walled fortress called a citadel
If city was under attack, civilians hid in citadel for protection while warriors fought

4. The Common Folk Common people lived in mud brick houses.
They farmed, had to work really hard to get the soil to grow crops.
People drank wine, made it by stomping on grapes and leaving it out to ferment (who would want to drink that foot juice?!).
Used olive oil for many things, light, money, bathing
An oil lamp
People stomping on grapes to make wine

5. Animal Uses Sheep and goats were used for their wool, milk, and meat
Oxen pulled farmer’s plows.
Horses pulled war chariots, but not ordinary farm work though
Chariot horses on a Greek vase

6. Tools and Weapons
Learned how to make bronze by melting copper and tin over a fire and mixing them.
Spearheads and knives lasted longer and were stronger.
Ancient bronze daggers

7. The Aegean Islands
Islands were great place to get seafood for early fishermen
First used spears, later nets.
Aegean Islands are underwater mountain range.
Some Greeks lived on these islands.

8. The Main Kingdoms
In 1700 B.C.E, main cities were Thebes, Argos, Athens, Pylos, and Tiryns
Each main city had own kingdom, partially controlled surrounding smaller cities.
When smaller city was attacked,city asked larger city to defend
The ruins of the central fortress at Thebes

9. The Mycenean Age About 1600 B.C.E, Mycenae was the largest city
Controlled Peloponnese and other Aegean Islands
First great civilization on mainland Europe