1. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION
The Body of the Speech

2. I. A college education helps increase your
personal effectiveness
A. A college education helps you improve
your ability to communicate
1. College improves your writing
skills
2. College improves your speech

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
TEMPORAL/CHRONOLOGICAL
E.g The Development of Language in
Human Beings
a. Babbling occurs around the fifth
month
b. Lallation occurs around the sixth month

4. SPATIAL
- based on space
- used to describe objects or places
E.g. Touring Southern Europe
I. Your first stop is Portugal
II. Your second stop is Spain

5. TOPICAL
- topics are divided into sub divisions
E.g.
Forms of Communication
I. Intrapersonal comm. occurs within
oneself
II. Interpersonal comm. occurs between
two people

6. PROBLEM-SOLUTION PATTERN
-useful in persuasive speeches
E.g. I. Two major problems confront
elementary education
A. Industry lures away the most qualified
graduates
B. Teaching is currently a low-status occupation
Two major solutions to these problems
A. Salaries should be increased
B. Benefits for teachers should be made more attractive

7. CAUSE-EFFECT
- useful in persuasive speech
- to convince audience the causal
connection existing between two events

8. E.g I. There are three main causes of
hypertension.
A. High salt intake increases blood
pressure
B.. Excess weight increases bp
C. Anxiety increases bp

9. II There are three major effects of
hypertension.
A. Nervousness increases
B. Heart rate increases
C. Shortness of breath increases

10. SUMMARY
Temporal: main ideas (MI) are arranged in a chronological order
Spatial: MI arranged in terms of dimensions of space
Topical: MI are itemized
Problem-solution: MI divided into problems
& solution
Cause-effect: MI arranged into causes &
effects

11. Exercise
What organizational pattern would you use if you were giving a speech on the following topics?
A. The layout of a football field.
B. Five guidelines in finding a job.
C. The process of elections in Malaysia.
D. Why we need national health
insurance.
E. How baseball is played.
F. How to apply for graduate school admission.

12. “WE CAN SEE THE PAST BUT NOT INFLUENCE IT, WE CAN INFLUENCE THE FUTURE BUT NOT SEE IT”