1. UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT
LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR
PART 5: FINAL PHASES

2. Final Phases of the Civil War

3. Focus WHY DID SOUTHERN MORALE BEGIN TO SUFFER BY THE END OF 1862?
SUMMARIZE THE REASON’S FOR THE NORTH’S ECONOMIC BOOM DURING THE WAR.
WHY WAS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE 54TH MASSACHUSSETTS SIGNIFICANT FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS?
WHAT WERE SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN DURING THE WAR?
WHY WAS CAPTURING VICKSBURG IMPORTANT TO THE UNION?
HOW WAS GETTYSBURG A TURNING POINT IN THE WAR?

4. Total War

5. Gettysburg Address pg 339 November 19, 1863
Ceremony dedicating a cemetery at Gettysburg
Scholar, Edward Everett spoke for 2 hours
President Lincoln spoke for 2 minutes, speech was known as Gettysburg Address
Speech helped refocus Americans past the battlefield and more on their shared ideals

6. AP 1
In 1 sentence, explain the intent and purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.

7. Grant and Sherman
November 1863, Grant and General William Sherman won a battle at Chattanooga, Tennessee
This further weakened the South following Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Spring of 1864, Lincoln turned to Grant for help

8. Ulysses S. Grant Small and unimpressive in appearance
Early military career unimpressive
Forced to resign in 1854 because of drinking problem
Rejoined army at beginning of Civil War
Impressed Lincoln with his victories in the West and desire to attack hard
After Chattanooga, Lincoln named Grant commander of all Union armies

9. Grant’s Plan Attack Confederacy on all fronts
Army of Potomac would try to crush Lee’s army in Virginia
Western army, guided by Sherman, would advance to Atlanta and crush the Confederacy in the Deep South
If successful, Confederacy would be destroyed

10. May/June 1864, Grant’s army of 115,000 men fought Lee’s 64,000 troops in 3 battles near Richmond page 344
Each battle, Rebels held their lines, Grant resumed attack quickly
Thousands of Northern lives lost
Grant called a “butcher”, but Lincoln continued to support him
Grant said he would take all summer to fight if needed
9 months of fighting before closing off Richmond to rest of South
Grant Acts

11. AP 2
Note to buddy. Describe Grant’s strategy to win the war.

12. Election of 1864 North was discouraged halfway through 1864
Neither Grant or Sherman were successful yet
Democrats wanted peace with the South even though it would mean independence for the South
Lincoln still determined to fight for preservation of the Union

13. Election of 1864 Summer, Lincoln’s chances didn’t look good
In August, David Farragut let Union fleet into Mobile Bay, giving Union control of Gulf of Mexico
September, Sherman captured Atlanta
October, Union troops drove Rebels out of Shenandoah Valley in Virginia
End of war in sight, Lincoln easily wins election

14. Shermans “March to the Sea”
Sherman convinced Grant after capture of Atlanta to march to Savannah
As army marched, it abandoned supply lines and lived off land
Took what food was needed and destroyed railroads and fields
Killed animals in effort to destroy anything useful to the South
Known as Total War
After capturing Savannah, turned north through S.C., planning to join Grant in Virginia

15. AP 4 1. Explain the significance of the election of 1864.
2. Explain the significance of Sherman’s March to the Sea.

16. Fall of Richmond
Fall and winter 1864, Grant continued to attack Petersburg, outside of Richmond
Lee’s troops defended the town, but sickness, hunger, casualties, and desertion weakened them
April 2, 1865, Lee withdrew his troops
Richmond fell on the same day

17. Fall of Richmond
Rebel troops, Confederate government officials, and many residents fled the Confederate capital
They set fire to much of the city before leaving to keep it from Union troops
April 4, 1865, Lincoln visited Richmond and walked its streets

18. Surrender
Lee tried to move his army west to join small Confederate forces blocking Sherman
Union army blocked his route
Realizing situation was hopeless, Lee surrendered to Grant at a small Virginia village, Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865
Page 348

19. Terms of Surrender
Confederates had to lay down weapons, but were free to go home
Allowed to keep horses so they could help take care of their families during the winter
3 days’ worth of food to be sent to later, Confederate forces surrender Lee’s troops
Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia on May 10

20. AP 5

21. LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION
LINCOLN WENT TO FORDS THEATER WITH HIS WIFE APRIL 14TH
DURING THE PLAY, JOHN WILKES BOOTH SHOT AND KILLED THE PRESIDENT
LINCOLNS DEATH SHOCKED THE NATION

22. AFTERMATH
THE NORTHS VICTORY STRENGTHENED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATES
IT CHANGED AMERICAN SOCIETY BY ENDING SLAVERY
THE WAR ALSO DEVASTATED THE SOCIETY AND ECONOMY OF THE SOUTH

23. activity
Killing Lincoln

24. Learning Log SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN WORDS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED TODAY….
WHAT WAS GRANTS STRATEGY TO WIN THE WAR?
WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF FARRAGUT’S BLOCKADE ON MOBILE BAY?
WHAT WERE 3 SHORT TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR?
WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE UNION MARCH ON ATLANTA?
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF SHERMANS MARCH TO THE SEA?