1. GLACIATION

2. About 15 million square kilometres of the earth’s surface are currently covered with glaciers

3. Continental ice sheets

4. Two Types of Glaciers
Continental: found at high LATITUDES ex. Greenland, Antarctica
Alpine: found at high ALTITUDES ex. Western Cordillera

5. How GLACIERS Form Two conditions need to be present:
. Prolonged cold
. Accumulation of snow
Over time, the overlying
layers of snow compress the
lower layers until it becomes
ice.

6. How Do Glaciers MOVE? Glaciers move like a very thick liquid
Depending on the climate, a glacier can do one of three things:
Advance
Stay Stationary
Retreat
Mass Balance: the rate of accumulation is balanced by the rate of ablation (melting)

7. How Do Glaciers Alter the Landscape?
Glaciers leave evidence on the landscape in the form of erosional features:
Striations
U-shaped Valleys
Spillways
Misfit Streams

8. Depositional Features
1. Ice Deposits
Till
Moraines
Drumlins
Erratics
2. Meltwater Deposits
Eskers
Outwash plains

9. A Moraine

10. Oak Ridges Moraine

19. Spillway with a Mistfit stream

21. V- Shaped Valley

22. U-Shaped
Valley

25. How ice alters the landscape
1. scraps or scours - like sandpaper - rocks are embedded into the bottom of the ice sheet and erode the bedrock as it flows
conveyor belt - embedded rocks are carried in the ice and deposited in the front as the glacier flows
3. plucking - ice freezes onto the rock and pulls or plucks it away as it flows
4. bulldozer - material is pushed along in front

28. The End!