1. How changing political belief systems impacted international affairs
Ideologies
How changing political belief systems impacted international affairs

3. What do you already know??
What type of governmental system does Canada have?
What is a political ideology?

4. Political ideologies
An ideology is simply a collection of ideas and thoughts.
Most political ideologies contain ideas about both the governmental form or structure, as well as an economic system
Political Ideologies are separated into two spheres:
The goal of how that society should be organized (how it should work/look)
The best, most appropriate ways to achieve this goal (how to get there)

5. democracy A type of government which allows:
Elections
Freedom of the press
Freedom of religion and association
Innocent until proven guilty
Most democracies offer a range of political choices between liberal on the left of the political spectrum, and conservative on the right.

6. dictatorship
Kim Jong Un (North Korea)
A system of government in which the leader rules without being answerable to an electorate (the people).
The leader rules according to personal decisions and suppresses opposition.
Examples: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini

7. totalitarianism
A type of government which demands total obedience of its citizens.
The government controls every part of life in the country.
The press, music, political and religious gatherings etc…
Intellectual freedom is highly restricted (in public)

8. capitalism
An economic system in which all citizens are free to own their own property and equipment for production.
Competition between businesses and industries keeps prices fair and drives the economy.

9. liberalism Political philosophy. Liberals generally believe:
People are mostly good by nature
All should enjoy intellectual, religious, and economic freedom with little government control and censorship.
Liberals opposed the idea of “Divine Right of Kings” during the French Revolution

10. conservatism
Conservative political philosophy comes from the Latin term “conservare” which means to conserve traditions and established institutions.

11. Socialism Social and economic system.
Aims for economic equality and individual freedom.
Believes that the community, not the wealthy individuals should own the means of production.
In Canada, the NDP has traditionally been our socialist party – it has forced the mainline parties (Liberal and Conservative) to implement socialist policies.

13. communism Political theory Allows no private property.
Vladimir Lenin led the Russian Revolution – upon his death in 1923, Joseph Stalin came to power in a more dictatorial role
Political theory
Allows no private property.
It is taken from the wealthy class (bourgeoisie) by the working class (proletariat) in a revolution
All means of production are henceforth owned by the public
Ex. Farms, factories, and equipment
USSR – 1991
China – present day
Cuba – present day

14. fascism System of government and social organization.
Modern fascism was “born” out of national crises (poverty, hyperinflation, and confusion) in Italy and Germany.
In both cases, strong leaders declared that they had solutions
Italy’s Benito Mussolini ( )
Germany’s Adolf Hitler ( )

15. Fascist characteristics
Dictatorship
Public societal uniformity
Extreme nationalism:
Public displays of national pride (rallies, banners, flags)
A belief that the state has been cheated and is in need of international justice
A glorifying of the military
National leaders wear uniforms in public
Frequent ceremonies

16. Mussolini slogans “Believe, obey, fight!”
“A minute on the battle field is worth a lifetime of peace.”
“Fighting to the male is like childbearing to the female.”
Benito Mussolini
Italian Dictator

17. In other words, fascism = militarism
Italy invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935
Germany “took” Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland in
Japan invaded Manchuria (Northeast Asia) in 1931

18. German fascist ideology
Believed in a superior race of Germans
Hitler spoke about his beliefs in speeches and writings about racial “purity” and the Germanic “master race” of blond haired, blue-eyed, and tall Aryans
Minorities without the dictated characteristics of model citizenship were heavily controlled
Nazi Germany’s less desirable citizens:
Jewish people
Physically and mentally handicapped
Political dissenters
It was unsafe to complain about the
government … anywhere!
** Fascists are not communists!!! **

19. Republicanism
An ideology of governing whereby the head of state is appointed by means other than hereditary ascension – often by elections
In opposition of monarchy and tyranny
Guiding philosophy for the United States
Canada has a republicanism movement to change the constitutional monarchy form of government

20. Anarchism
Anarchism is the political philosophy which believes in the abolition of all government
It opposes enforced authority over human relations and actions
Wish for stateless societies based on non- hierarchical, voluntary organizations