1. Vocabulary
8th U.S. History

2. Presidential Precedents
Foreign Policy
Domestic Policy
Political Party
Executive Cabinet

3. Precedent
Something that is used as an example to be followed in the future

4. Precedent Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Precedents Precedence
Precedential
The new American Constitution followed many English precedents in its construction.
Question to Ponder:
Can a procedure or a rule set a “precedent?”

5. Foreign Policy
One nation interacting with another nation

6. Foreign Policy Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Foreign policies
The U.S. Secretary of State’s job is to follow the president’s foreign policy when speaking to other countries.
Question to Ponder:
Would the Treaty of Paris of fall under the description of “foreign policy?”

7. Domestic Policy
Policy concerning issues within a person’s native country

8. Domestic Policy Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Domestic policies
Shay’s Rebellion forced the delegates at the Constitutional Convention to examine their domestic policies.
Question to Ponder:
Would the presidential election be considered part of a country’s “domestic policy?”

9. Political Party
Organized group centered around specific political beliefs

10. Political Party Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Political parties
Hamilton and Jefferson’s disagreements led to the establishment of political parties.
Question to Ponder:
Would a person join a “political party” with people who espoused different beliefs?

11. Executive Cabinet
Group of people who give advice to the leader of a government

12. Executive Cabinet Forms: Example: Question to Ponder:
Executive cabinets
The President of the United States relies on advice from his Executive Cabinet to make informed decisions.
Question to Ponder:
Would a group of friends who give someone advice be considered an “executive cabinet?”

13. Adams’s Presidency
Alien
Point of View
Characteristic
Compare
Contrast

14. Alien
Person belonging to a foreign country

15. alien Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Aliens
People who emigrate to a new country are considered aliens.
Question to Ponder:
Would a citizen who left their home country as a child and returned as an adult be considered an “alien?”

16. Point of View
Perspective

17. Point of view Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Points of view
Hamilton and Jefferson had different points of view concerning political ideologies.
Question to Ponder:
If I listened to only one perspective in a debate, have I considered all of the “points of view?”

18. characteristic
Trait or special quality

19. characteristic Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Characteristics
Washington’s leadership characteristics helped him set precedents to run the nation.
Question to Ponder:
Would the details of an object still be considered “characteristics?”

20. compare
Describing similarities

21. compare Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Comparison Compares
Compared
Comparing
Voters compared their beliefs with those of the presidential candidates in order to determine who to vote for.
Question to Ponder:
Can a “comparison” also make connections between two or more things?

22. contrast
Describing differences

23. contrast Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Contrasts Contrasted
Contrasting
Federalists and Democratic- Republicans had contrasting political beliefs.
Question to Ponder:
Would making a pro-con list help a person make sense of “contrasting” ideas?

24. Jefferson’s Presidency
Judicial Review
Jurisdiction
Embargo
Export
Import

25. Judicial Review
Supreme Court power to declare a law unconstitutional

26. Judicial Review Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A
Using the power of judicial review, the Supreme Court declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.
Question to Ponder:
If the president thought a Congressional law was unjustified, does he have the power of “judicial review?”

27. Jurisdiction
The right to exercise authority

28. jurisdiction Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Jurisdictional
Jurisdictionally
Making new laws falls under Congress’s jurisdiction.
Question to Ponder:
Would a teacher have “jurisdiction” in another teacher’s classroom?

29. Embargo
Limitations placed on trade

30. embargo Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Embargoes Embargoed
Embargoing
The U.S. has placed embargoes on other countries to prevent conflicts.
Question to Ponder:
If a foreign country decides not to trade with the United States, have they enacted an “embargo?”

31. export
Shipping goods or products to other countries for sale or trade

32. export Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Exports Exported Exporting
Many farmers export their crops to other nations.
Question to Ponder:
If a country sends supplies to one of its colonies, has it “exported” these goods?

33. import
Bringing in goods and products from a foreign country to use or sell

34. import Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Imports Imported Importing
The U.S. still imports some of its oil from the Middle East.
Question to Ponder:
If Target received a shipment of t- shirts from China, would it be considered an “import?”

35. War of 1812 International Expansion Maritime Internal factors
External factors

36. international
Actions involving more than two or more nations

37. international Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Internationally
International trade between the Americas and Europe began to decline during Adams’s presidency.
Question to Ponder:
Would a nation be involved in “international” affairs if they followed a policy of isolationism?

38. expansion
Increasing something’s size, amount, or range

39. expansion Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Expand Expanding
Expanded
Expanse
The expanse of the U.S. greatly increased after Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
Question to Ponder:
If I learned how to use new words, have I “expanded” my vocabulary?

40. maritime
Sailing or doing business on the high seas

41. maritime Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A
French and British captains ignored maritime laws when they captured American merchant ships.
Question to Ponder:
If a man owned a ferryboat and transported people across a lake, would he have a “maritime” business?

42. Internal factors
Things that cause something to happen from the inside

43. Internal factors Forms: Example: Question to Ponder:
An internal factor to the War of was the conflicts between the natives and American settlers in the west.
Question to Ponder:
Would Shay’s Rebellion be an “internal factor” to the Constitutional Convention?

44. External factors
Things that cause something to happen from the outside

45. External factors Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: External factor
The largest external factor that caused conflict during Adams’s presidency was the XYZ Affair.
Question to Ponder:
Would emigration be an underlying “external factor” of population change?

46. Monroe’s presidency Doctrine Nationalism Infrastructure Sectionalism
Hemisphere

47. Doctrine
Statement of governmental policy concerning international relations

48. doctrine Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Doctrines
President James Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine declaring U.S. supremacy in the Western Hemisphere.
Question to Ponder:
If the President of the United States creates a new plan for dealing with Isis, has he/she established a “doctrine?”

49. nationalism
Having an excessive pride or loyalty for one’s country

50. nationalism Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Nationalist
Nationalistic
American nationalism propelled citizens west across the continent.
Question to Ponder:
If I was proud of the veterans who served our country, would I be considered a “nationalist?”

51. infrastructure
Basic structures needed for a society to function properly

52. infrastructure Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A
Henry Clay’s American System worked to improve the American infrastructure.
Question to Ponder:
Could a war destroy a country's “infrastructure?”

53. sectionalism
Too much devotion to the interests of a specific region

54. sectionalism Forms: Example: Question to Ponder:
Washington feared political parties could lead to sectionalism in the United States.
Question to Ponder:
If a native Georgian agreed with a presidential candidate simply because he/she was from the South, is this showing “sectionalism?”

55. hemisphere
Half of the Earth divided at the Prime Meridian or Equator

56. hemisphere Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Hemispheres
President Monroe declared supremacy in the Western Hemisphere with the Monroe Doctrine.
Question to Ponder:
If a person cut a tennis ball in half, would it have different “hemispheres?”