1. Unit 7 Objective A
ECOLOGY

2. Vocabulary Community Ecosystem
Group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other
Ecosystem
The group of species along with the living and nonliving environment

3. Biotic Factors
Bio means…
Biotic factors are the relationship between living organisms in an ecosystem
Humans pick flowers
Coyotes eat chickens

4. Abiotic factors
A means….
Bio means…
Abiotic factors are physical or nonliving factors of an ecosystem
Oxygen, water, sunlight, temperature, rocks, climate, buildings
Tropical rainforests have lots of different plants and animals
Tropical rainforests have plenty of water to drink, food to eat, places to live/hide

5. Habitat
The place where an organism lives

6. Biodiversity
Bio means… Diversity means….
Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms in a given area
Affected by abiotic factors
Extreme temperatures
Limited water
Limited food
Affected by biotic factors
Predators
Human habitat destruction

7. Biodiversity High biodiversity Low biodiversity
Ecosystem that is healthy
Better able to resist change (disaster)
Low biodiversity
Ecosystem that is Unhealthy
NOT able to resist change (disaster)
Ecosystem can crash

8. Succession What happens after a disaster??
Replacement of one community by another at a single place over a period of time
Pioneer species
First species to appear in a newly made habitat
Help break down the damage so that other species may grow
Pioneer species is then replaced by next generation

9. Succession Major change in ecosystem Ecosystem is destroyed
Volcano, glacier receding, etc.
Ecosystem is destroyed
Pioneer species take root in new ecosystem.
Begins the restoration of damaged ecosystem
Pioneer species is then replaced by new species
That new species is then replaced and so on

10. Succession

11. Succession

12. Equilibrium
A condition which results in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system
After damage  work towards equilibrium

13. Climate Two key factors of climate Temperature Precipitation
Animals usually live within a certain range of temperatures
Precipitation
Amount of precipitation determines the amount of water available for organisms
Little water means few organisms

14. Trophic Levels One of the steps in a food chain
Refers to the transfer of energy when 1 organism consumes another
Sun makes grass grow
Grass is food for cows
Cows are food for humans

15. Trophic Levels Producers AUTOTROPHS - produce their own food Consumers
HETEROTROPHS – consume their food
Decomposers
Photosynthetic organism that serves as the basic food source in an ecosystem
Can make their own food
An organism that consumes or eats other organisms
Do not produce their own food
Organisms that break down the remains or waste of animals

16. Food Chains Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer
The FIRST level is PRODUCERS
They take energy from the sun and convert it into carbohydrates
They “produce” food
The SECOND level is CONSUMERS
Primary Consumer
Herbivores eat the carbohydrates the producers produced
The THIRD level is CONSUMERS
Secondary Consumer
Small Carnivores
Animals that eat herbivores
Animals that eat other animals
The FOURTH level is CONSUMERS
Tertiary Consumer
Large Carnivores
Animals that eat other carnivores

19. Food Web Animals eat more than 1 kind of food
We use food webs to illustrate these complicated interactions

21. 10% Rule Of the 100% of food we eat… Producer – Plant
90% is given off as heat, digested, excreted, etc.
10% is kept within our bodies (growth)
Producer – Plant
10% passed on
Consumer – Herbivore
Consumer - Carnivore

22. Ten Percent Rule Energy Pyramid