1. Inside the Cell

2. Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells
Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells
When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells
A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells.
There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

3. Cells in organisms are specialized to perform particular functions
Cell Function
Cells in organisms are specialized to perform particular functions
Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body.
Muscle cells contract and relax to move parts of the body.
Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata on the underside of leaves to let in air.

4. Levels of Organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

5. Inside the Cell
Organelles

6. Inside the Cell
Organelles
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

7. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Two types of cells:
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic (pro-carry-au-tic)
Single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus
Bacteria
Eukaryotic (you-carry-au-tic)
Has a nucleus and organelles
Plant and animal cells

8. 1. Cell Membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Thin; surrounds the cell

9. 2. Cytoplasm
A watery gel material that fills the cell and keeps organelles in place

10. Mitochondria Converts sugars into energy for the cell
(plural for mitochondrion)
Converts sugars into energy for the cell
Powerhouse of the cell 10

11. 4. Nucleus The nucleus is the largest organelle in a cell
Controls cell’s activities
The “Brains” of the cell
Contains the chromosomes

12. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

13. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes, packages and delivers ribosome and lipids
Ribosomes are the protein makers
Folds and tubes located by the nucleus

14. Golgi Apparatus
(or Golgi Bodies)
Modify, sort and package proteins & lipids into vesicles for storage or secretion (for outside of the cell)
Flattened membranes stacked together

15. 7. Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down food, viruses, bacteria, old organelles, etc.

16. 8. Vacuoles Stores food, water & wastes
Larger in plant cell than in animal cell
Helps plants maintain their shape

17. 9. Chloroplast Found only in PLANT cells.
Convert light energy into sugars & starch
Green, contains chlorophyll

18. 10. Cell Wall Thick, tough layer; surrounds cell
Provides support and protection
Found only in PLANT cells

19. Cilia & Flagella Movement Cilia – Many hairlike extensions
Flagella - Whip-like tail or long projections