1. David Hill DJ Wetzel 2/11/2002 AP Biology
Gene Splicing 101
David Hill
DJ Wetzel
2/11/2002
AP Biology

2. Gene What??? Gene Splicing- Another way to say “genetic engineering”
Insertion of a foreign DNA sequence into a host genome
Cutting the DNA of a gene to add base pairs

3. How to Splice a Gene
1) Plasmid is removed from bacterium; DNA is removed from cell nucleus of another organism
2) Restriction enzymes are used to cut open the plasmid and cut out the desired gene from the cell’s DNA
3) The cut ends of theplasmid and the desired piece of DNA stick together (recombine) to form a new loop that includes the inserted gene

4. How It Works
Restriction enzymes go in and cut the DNA at a spot specific for the enzyme. This leaves free or “sticky” ends. The new genetic material is introduced to the cell and it is readily accepted. The sticky ends would rather be bonded so they take up the DNA that has an identical free end. After the cell is changed it gains a trait that it didn’t have before, or they could take away an undesirable trait.

5. Boyer and Cohen
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen, in the early 1970’s, completed the first successful experiments by inserting DNA into E. Coli which caused it to begin producing insulin.

6. Howard Schnei…um…Howard S.
Howard Schneiderman
Joined Monsanto in 1979
Started research on plant engineering
Researchers produced the world’s 1st engineered plant – a petunia
Schneiderman died in 1990 but his research lives on
Monsanto began selling soybean seeds resistant to herbicides in 1996
Herbicide-resistant corn and cotton and insect-resistant cotton and potatoes have followed

7. Helping Old Women July, 1996-
A 68 yr. old woman was the 1st woman treated via gene therapy for arthritis
Therapeutic DNA that blocks the production of a the protein IL-1(causes arthritis pain) was injected into two of her knuckles

8. End