1. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
Chapter 15-2

2. Evolution defined… Evolution is a process of gradual modifications
Darwin called this descent with modification

3. Ancestor Organism 1 Organism 2
Many animals and plants shared common ancestors and deviated from that common ancestor overtime
Organism 1
Ancestor
Organism 2

5. Fossils Fossils provide geologic evidence of evolution
Fossils in older layers are more primitive than those in the upper layers

6. Transitional Species:
Descent with modification states that newer
species are modified versions of older
species
- Fossil record contains the intermediates

7. Anatomy Ex: Whale hind leg bones
Vestigial Structures- remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor.
Ex: Whale hind leg bones

8. Anatomy cont.
Homologous Structures: body parts that are similar in structure may have different functions
Indicating at some point way in the past they did the same job and came from a common ancestor

9. Anatomy cont.
Analogous Structures: same functions but different development
ex. a butterfly wing and a bat wing
Indicates that populations evolved to be better suited to the environment

10. Biogeography Geographical distribution of living creatures.
Similar species are found in similar places showing common ancestry.
Ex: marsupials in Australia

11. Embryology
Some stages of embryo development of different organisms are similar
Explanation: Share a common ancestor

12. Biological Molecules DNA  RNA Proteins
Similar proteins means similar DNA
The longer it’s been since they shared a common ancestor the more differences in protein

13. Whale Fish Venn Diagram
Make a double bubble using the following terms:
Live birth
Swim
Live in water
Some hair
Most lay eggs
Scaly skin
Warm blooded
Breathe with lungs
Breathe with gills
Move tail up and down
Cold blooded
Move tail left and right

14. Whale Video

15. Whale Fossil Chart Review Questions (answer in COMPETE sentences)
What do you think is the main difference between the Mesonychid and Ambulocetus?
What is the main difference between Rodhocetus and Basilosaurus?
Where do you think Rodhocetus spent most of his time? Why?

16. EVOLUTION IN ACTION
Chapter 15-3 pp

17. Evolution defined…
Evolution of a population is due to environment and the interaction of other species
Evolution acts on phenotype, not genotype

18. Artificial Selection
Humans breed for specific traits causing differences in species (i.e. dog breeding)

19. Examples of Evolution
Convergent evolution: Organisms with very different ancestors become more alike due to a common environment
Ex. fish and whales- compare analogous structures

20. Divergent evolution: populations become more and more dissimilar to adapt to the environment-compare homologous structures
Appearance of birds with different sized beaks that are specific for size of bird seed

22. Adaptive radiation
Population undergoes divergent evolution until it fills all areas of the environment

23. Co-evolution: as one species evolves another does (parasites and hosts)