1. Volume 115, Issue 2, Pages 421-432 (August 1998)
Identification, culture, and characterization of pancreatic stellate cells in rats and humans 
Max G. Bachem*, Erik Schneider*, Hans Groß*, Hans Weidenbach‡, Roland M. Schmid‡, Andre Menke‡, Marco Siech§, Hans Beger§, Adolf Grünert*, Guido Adler‡ 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 115, Issue 2, Pages (August 1998)
DOI: /S (98)
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Transmission electron micrograph showing a PSC in a patient with acute pancreatitis. The PSC is located in close vicinity to a macrophage (Ma) and acinar cells (Ac). Fat droplets (F) and a prominent endoplasmatic reticulum (RER) with cisternae (C) are visible (original magnification 6000×). N, nucleus.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Fluorescence micrographs showing the immunoreactivity of (A) collagen type I, (B) collagen type III, (C) fibronectin, (D) laminin, (E) iso-α-smooth muscle actin, and (F) desmin in cross-sections of human pancreas from a patient with alcohol-related fibrosis (original magnification 400×).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Micrographs of primary cultured PSCs isolated from rat pancreas. (A) Oil-red O staining and (B) phase-contrast microscopy showing perinuclear fat droplets 24 hours after seeding. (C) Differential contrast microscopy (Nomarski contrast) showing long cytoplasmic extensions in cells after 5 days in culture. Immunoreactivity of (D) vimentin and (E) desmin of cells after 3 days in culture. (F) Immunostaining of iso-α-smooth muscle actin in cells after 10 days in culture. F, fat droplets.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Ultrastructure of cultured rat PSCs. (A and B) Primary culture 24 hours after seeding. (C and D) Secondary culture 48 hours after passage. B is a higher magnification of A, and D is a higher magnification of C. (F) Early primary cultured cells show numerous perinuclear fat droplets. In secondary cultured cells, the endoplasmatic reticulum (RER) is prominent, and the fat droplets almost disappeared (original magnification: A and C, 4000×; B and D, 8000×).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Representative high-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms of retinoids in cell extract of cultured human PSCs (third passage). (A) Without addition of retinol. (B) Twenty-four hours after addition of retinol (5 × 10−6 mol/L). The inset in B is a higher magnification of the fatty acid retinyl-esters (peaks 3–6). Peak identification: 1, retinol; 2, retinyl-acetate (internal standard); 3–5, various fatty acid retinyl-esters; and 6, retinyl-palmitate.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Fluorescence micrographs showing the immunoreactivity of collagens (A and B) type I and (C and D) type III, (E and F) fibronectin, and (G and H) laminin in cultured human PSCs. (A, C, E, and G) Cells after the second passage. (B, D, F, and H) Cells after the fifth passage. The reaction products of the collagen types I and III and laminin can be observed predominantly intracellularly. Fibronectin is located intracellularly and in fibrillar structures between the cells. There is no significant difference in staining intensity and cellular distribution between the cells after the second and fifth passage (original magnification 400×).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Effect of serum on the synthesis of collagen types (A) I and (B) III and (C) fibronectin of cultured human PSCs. Serum was added in concentrations of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% to secondary cultured human PSCs. After 36 hours, cultures were stopped. Procollagen I peptide, procollagen III peptide, and fibronectin were measured in the cell supernatants; DNA was measured in the cell layer. A, B, and C express the procollagen peptides and fibronectin concentration. Insets express the procollagen peptides and fibronectin concentration on the basis of DNA. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three cultures each with three wells. *P < 0.05.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Northern blot hybridizations for collagen α1 (I), collagen α1 (III), fibronectin, and the 18S ribosomal RNA (control). To secondary cultured human PSCs, 10% serum was added 36 hours after seeding (lanes 1 and 2). Control cells were cultured in the absence of serum (lanes 3 and 4). After 12 hours, cultures were stopped and RNA was isolated. Hybridization was performed as outlined in Materials and Methods. Two experiments (experiment I, lanes 1 and 3; and experiment II, lanes 2 and 4) are shown. A 10% concentration of human serum increased significantly the steady-state levels of the collagen α1 (I) mRNA and fibronectin mRNA.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Effect of TGF-β1, TGF-α, bFGF, and PDGF on the synthesis of cFN by cultured human PSCs. The growth factors ([in ng/mL]: TGF-β1, 2; TGF-α, 20; bFGF, 20; and PDGF, 20) were added in the presence of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 10% serum to secondary cultured human PSCs. Twenty-four hours later, cultures were stopped and cFN was measured in the cell supernatants; DNA was measured in the cell layer. The columns represent fractions of control (without growth factors). Values are expressed as means ± SD of three cultures each with three wells. *P < 0.05.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions