1. Echocardiographic comparison of the standard end-hole cannula, the soft-flow cannula, and the dispersion cannula during perfusion into the aortic arch 
Ronald K Grooters, MD, Dirk A Ver Steeg, MD, Martha J Stewart, MD, Kent C Thieman, MD, Robert F Schneider, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 75, Issue 6, Pages (June 2003)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Fig 1
Cannula types: the Dispersion cannula (8.0 mm, dotted line) demonstrates significantly lower exit velocities than both the Steel-tip end-hole cannula (7.3 mm, dashed line) and the Soft-Flow cannula (8.0 mm, solid line; p < 0.05, analysis of variance).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

3. Fig 2
Steel-tip end-hole 7.3-mm cannula demonstrating a long penetrating perfusion “jet.” The point of measurements at 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm from the tip are illustrated.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

4. Fig 3
The Soft-Flow aortic 8.0-mm cannula producing multiple shorter “jets” projecting diagonally toward the aortic wall. (A) The point of measurement described in the Muehrcke report (12 mm from tip of cannula). (B) The points of measurement in this study (1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm from cannula orifice).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

5. Fig 4
The Dispersion aortic 8.0-mm cannula producing a broad fan-shaped exit into the aortic arch. The points of measurement on the outside of the dispersion are the highest velocities.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )