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The Characteristics of Seed Plants

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Presentation on theme: "The Characteristics of Seed Plants"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Characteristics of Seed Plants
Chapter 5 Section 1

2 What is a Seed Plant? Vascular Use seeds to reproduce Body plans
Leaves Stems Roots Complex life cycles Sporophyte gametophyte

3 Vascular Tissue Functions Two Types Supports plant
Transports food and water Pholem Moves food from leave to rest of plant Travel downward Xylem Water and nutrients From roots to rest of the plant Travel upward

4 Seeds Structures that contain a young plant Three important parts
Embryo Zygote or fertilized egg Cotyledon Seed leaves Stored food Used by embryo until it can produce its own food Seed coat Outer covering Protects the embryo and keeps the stored food from drying out

5 Seed Dispersal Seeds need to land in a suitable area to grow. They are transported several ways Animals eat fruit and deposit seeds elsewhere Barbs hook seed to animal Wind carries seeds to new location

6 Germination The early stage of the embryo Seed absorbs water
Uses stored food to grow Roots grow downward Leaves and stems grow upward

7 Leaves Structure Photosynthesis Top and bottom surface protect leaves
Middle layer contains xylem and phloem Stomata Located on underside of leaf Opens and closes Lets in carbon dioxide Releases oxygen Photosynthesis Cells containing chloroplasts located in leaves upper surface Trap sun’s energy Carbon dioxide enters through stomata Water absorbed by roots Products used by plant (sugar) Oxygen released throuth stomata

8 Leaves Controlling Water Loss Transpiration
Process where water leaves the plant’s leaves Plants lose large amounts of water through transpiration Closing the stomata reduces the amount of transpiration

9 Stems Carry substances between roots and leaves Provide support
Holds up leaves so they are exposed to the sun

10 Structure of a stem Two types Herbaceous Woody Soft
Dandelions, tomato plants Woody Hard and rigid Maple trees, pine trees, roses

11 Structure of Stems Both types of stems have phloem and xylem
Bark- the outer layer on woody stems Woody Stems Outer layer- bark First inner layer phloem Second inner layer cambium Divide to produce new phloem and xylem Process increases the stems width Provides additional strength

12 Structure of Stems

13 Annual Rings Made of xylem Spring Summer
Rings are large and have thin walls Grow rapidly Wide light rings Summer Small with thick walls Grow slowly One pair of light and dark rings = 1 year Width of rings can tell about Weather conditions

14 Roots Anchor the plant Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
The more roots, the more water and nutrients can be absorbed

15 Types of Roots Two types of roots Taproot Fibrous Long thick main root
Thin branching roots off the main root Turnips, radishes, dandelions Fibrous Several main roots Tangled mass Lawn grass, most trees

16 Structure of a Root Root cap- the rounded tip of the root
Contains dead cells Protects root from injury Root hairs grow out of root’s surface Increase surface area More water and nutrients can be absorbed Xylem transports nutrients and water to leaves and stems Phloem transports food to roots from leaves Cambium produces new xylem an phloem in roots


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