1. The Characteristics of Seed Plants
Chapter 5
Section 1

2. What is a Seed Plant? Vascular Use seeds to reproduce Body plans
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Complex life cycles
Sporophyte
gametophyte

3. Vascular Tissue Functions Two Types Supports plant
Transports food and water
Pholem
Moves food
from leave to rest of plant
Travel downward
Xylem
Water and nutrients
From roots to rest of the plant
Travel upward

4. Seeds Structures that contain a young plant Three important parts
Embryo
Zygote or fertilized egg
Cotyledon
Seed leaves
Stored food
Used by embryo until it can produce its own food
Seed coat
Outer covering
Protects the embryo and keeps the stored food from drying out

5. Seed Dispersal
Seeds need to land in a suitable area to grow. They are transported several ways
Animals eat fruit and deposit seeds elsewhere
Barbs hook seed to animal
Wind carries seeds to new location

6. Germination The early stage of the embryo Seed absorbs water
Uses stored food to grow
Roots grow downward
Leaves and stems grow upward

7. Leaves Structure Photosynthesis Top and bottom surface protect leaves
Middle layer contains xylem and phloem
Stomata
Located on underside of leaf
Opens and closes
Lets in carbon dioxide
Releases oxygen
Photosynthesis
Cells containing chloroplasts located in leaves upper surface
Trap sun’s energy
Carbon dioxide enters through stomata
Water absorbed by roots
Products used by plant (sugar)
Oxygen released throuth stomata

8. Leaves Controlling Water Loss Transpiration
Process where water leaves the plant’s leaves
Plants lose large amounts of water through transpiration
Closing the stomata reduces the amount of transpiration

9. Stems Carry substances between roots and leaves Provide support
Holds up leaves so they are exposed to the sun

10. Structure of a stem Two types Herbaceous Woody Soft
Dandelions, tomato plants
Woody
Hard and rigid
Maple trees, pine trees, roses

11. Structure of Stems Both types of stems have phloem and xylem
Bark- the outer layer on woody stems
Woody Stems
Outer layer- bark
First inner layer phloem
Second inner layer cambium
Divide to produce new phloem and xylem
Process increases the stems width
Provides additional strength

12. Structure of Stems

13. Annual Rings Made of xylem Spring Summer
Rings are large and have thin walls
Grow rapidly
Wide light rings
Summer
Small with thick walls
Grow slowly
One pair of light and dark rings = 1 year
Width of rings can tell about
Weather conditions

14. Roots Anchor the plant Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
The more roots, the more water and nutrients can be absorbed

15. Types of Roots Two types of roots Taproot Fibrous Long thick main root
Thin branching roots off the main root
Turnips, radishes, dandelions
Fibrous
Several main roots
Tangled mass
Lawn grass, most trees

16. Structure of a Root Root cap- the rounded tip of the root
Contains dead cells
Protects root from injury
Root hairs grow out of root’s surface
Increase surface area
More water and nutrients can be absorbed
Xylem transports nutrients and water to leaves and stems
Phloem transports food to roots from leaves
Cambium produces new xylem an phloem in roots