1. 9.3 The First Political Parties

2. HAMILTON VERSUS JEFFERSON LET’S FIGHT

3. Rise of Parties
As Washington’s term came to end, the divide within the government grew even wider
Supporters of Jefferson attacked Washington for listening to Hamilton too much

4. Rise of Parties Jefferson’s opinion Hamilton’s opinion
Follow Constitution WORD FOR WORD and limit the federal government
Hamilton’s opinion
Constitution has “implied” powers and the federal government should be strong

5. Rise of Parties Jefferson = Democratic- Republican
Hamilton = Federalists
BEEFIN’
Their differences became too great, so Jefferson left his cabinet position, and Hamilton soon followed.

6. First Political Parties Democratic Republicans
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
led by Alexander Hamilton
led by Thomas Jefferson
strong central government led by industry and the wealthy
strong state governments led by the “common man”
emphasis on agriculture
“Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens.” – Thomas Jefferson
emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, and trade
loose interpretation of the Constitution
strict interpretation of the Constitution
favored the national bank
opposed the national bank
favored protective tariffs
opposed protective tariffs
pro-British
pro-French

7. Role of the People Federalists Representative government
Educated and wealthy should hold office
Keep the public out
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.”

8. Role of the People Democratic-Republicans
Liberty only safe if ordinary people took part in government
“I am not among those who fear the people. They, and not the rich, are [who we depend on] for continued freedom.”

9. Election of 1796
John Adams (Federalist) narrowly defeated Thomas Jefferson (Democratic- Republican)
Loser became Vice President!

10. Adams’ Troubles XYZ Affair
French began to seize American ships (bc France thought we were helping Britain) Jay’s Treaty
Adams sent negotiators, but French refused them
French demanded a bribe and a loan from the Americans
ADAMS WAS MAD, TIME TO FIGHT

11. Adams’ Troubles
After French behavior, public became untrusting of all aliens
In response, Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts
President could imprison or deport any aliens
Restricted speech that criticized federal government

12. Adams’ Troubles Democratic-Republicans see these acts as TYRANNY.
James Madison and Thomas Jefferson write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Insisted Alien & Sedition Acts violated Constitution
Promoted states’ rights (to protect themselves from federal government)
Almost started a large-scale rebellion!!!

13. Adams’ Troubles In the end, they reached a treaty with France
Too late for Adams though
Public opinion fell dramatically

14. MATTHEW LYON The World’s Most Interesting Congressman

15. MATTHEW LYON The World’s Most Interesting Congressman
FIRST MEMBER OF CONGRESS WITH ETHICS VIOLATION CHARGE
LYON-GRISWOLD
Lyon fight for common man
Wooden sword
Scoundrel
Spit
Two weeks later, wooden cane
Tongs

17. MATTHEW LYON The World’s Most Interesting Congressman
FIRST MEMBER OF CONGRESS TO BE ELECTED WHILE IN JAIL
Alien and Sedition Act VIDEO