1. Learning Objectives
Define the following terms: covalent bond, valence electron, macromolecule, monomer, polymer
Describe the relationship between monomers and polymers

2. Carbon Compounds

3. Carbon Atom
Valence
Electrons 1
Carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons for forming strong covalent bonds 3 2 4

4. Carbon Bonds
Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and itself.
Living things are made of carbons and other elements.

5. Macromolecules “Giant Molecules”
Macromolecules are made from large numbers of smaller molecules.

6. Monomers & Polymers
The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers.

7. Monomers & Polymers
Monomers in a polymer can be identical or different.

8. Stop Here

9. Organic Compounds
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

10. Carbohydrates
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.

11. Monosaccharide Single Sugar Molecules

12. Disaccharide Double Sugar Molecules

13. Polysaccharide Many Sugar Molecules
Plants make cellulose, a tough, flexible fiber that gives plants much of their strength and rigidity.

14. Polysaccharide Many Sugar Molecules
Many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccaride called glycogen (animal starch).

15. Function of Carbohydrates
Energy Storage:
Plants - store energy in sugars and starch.
Animals - Store energy in glycogen.
Support and Structure:
Plants - cellulose provides support

16. Why do many athletes “carb-up” before a big event?
Stop Here

17. Stop Here