1. The Cardiovascular System

2. Function Transportation Blood = vehicle
Transports oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones

3. The Heart
Responsible for transporting all of those substances via circulation
We actually have 2 circulatory systems:
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation

4. Anatomy The heart is composed of many layers of tissue
It is important that we keep them all straight so get ready!

5. Heart Coverings
Enclosed by a double sac of serious membrane, the pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Hugs external surface of the heart
Parietal pericardium
Protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures
Serous fluid in between to reduce friction created when the heart beats

7. Heart Muscle Heart walls are composed of three layers:
Epicardium/visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Thick bundles of heart muscle
Endocardium
Lines the inside of the chambers

8. Picture!
Let’s draw a picture putting it all together!

9. Circulation The heart is a double pump
The right side is a pulmonary circuit pump
Receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body
The left side is a systemic circuit pump
Distributes oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to all body organs

10. Heart Chambers The heart has 4 hollow chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
All are lined with endocardium
In between is an interventricular septum
Imagine your heart as a house
The upstairs has 2 rooms called atria
The downstairs has 2 rooms called ventricles

11. Review: Left vs Right B A

13. In between the atria and ventricles are valves
These prevent the blood from going in the wrong direction
Think of these as an escalator between two floors
Escalators only go one way and transport blood from one place to the next!

14. Let’s draw a picture Left atrium Right atrium Interventricular septum
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

15. Tubes There are 4 sets of tubes in the heart
One going from the body to the heart
Called the vena cava
There is a superior vena cava and an inferior vena cava
The blood feeds into the right atrium
Do you think this blood contains oxygen?
NO!

16. There is another tube going from the heart to the lungs
Why?
The blood needs to get oxygenated
This is called the pulmonary artery
Connects the right ventricle to the lungs

17. Whiteboard review

18. Another tube brings the blood from the lungs to the heart
Called the pulmonary vein
Dumps blood into the left atrium
Does the blood flowing through this tube contain oxygen?
YES!

19. The Anatomy of the Heart
The last tube connects the heart to the rest of the body
Called the aorta
The blood goes from the left ventricle, through the tube, and then to the rest of the body
The coronary arteries that feed the heart branch off of this tube

20. Review
What is the tube called that brings blood from the body to the heart?
Vena cava
What is the tube called that brings the blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What is the tube called that brings the blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What is the tube called that brings the blood to the tissues from the heart?
aorta

21. Clay!!!
Clay=myocardium
Straws=tubes

22. Let’s start at the beginning
Imagine you are a blood cell in the tip of your pinky finger
You have just finished delivering blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the cells there and now you are on your way back to the heart

23. You enter the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava and you are dumped into the right atrium

24. From the right atrium, you are dumped into the right ventricle after passing through the right atrioventricular valve

25. Valves: A sidenote
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood when the ventricles contract
Consists of flaps of endocardium
Tiny white cords called chordae tendinae anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles and control its opening and closing
These are your “heart string”

26. Harry Potter Connection

27. Where were we?
The blood cell goes from the right atrium, through the right atrioventricular valve, and then to the right ventricle

28. The right ventricle is very muscular and when contracted, it will squeeze the chamber, which will:
Close the right AV valve
Open the pulmonary semilunar valve
Shuttle the blood through the valve and into the pulmonary artery

29. Break it down
The pulmonary semilunar valve is just like any other valve
Functions to prevent backflow of blood
The pulmonary artery carries blood into the lungs
Pulmonary MEANS lungs!
Why does the blood need to visit the lungs?

30. Wait………Whuuuut? The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood!
Yes, you heard me right:
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood!
Write this down:
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart
Veins carry blood back to the heart

31. Question
When our little blood cell was traveling on its way back from the heart, what type of vessel was it travelling in? A) vein B) artery VEIN!!!!

32. recap The blood cell is in the tip of the little finger
Travels through a vein to a to the vena cava
Dumps into the right atrium
Passes through the right atrioventricular valve
Dumps into the right ventricle
Passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve in the pulmonary artery
LUNGS
We will add to this list later

33. In the lungs
In the lungs, the red blood cell will obtain oxygen

34. After the RBC has picked up its oxygen, it is back to the heart!
Enters through the pulmonary vein
Remember: vein just means a vessel going TOWARDS the heart

35. The pulmonary vein dumps into the left atrium Predict
Based on how things flowed on the right side, what is the RBC’s next stop?
It will go through the left atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle

36. The left ventricle is very muscular in comparison to the right ventricle
Why?
Think about this: how far does the right ventricle have to pump blood?
The lungs; that isn’t very far away
How far does the left ventricle have to pump blood?
A long ways!
All the way to the tip of your pinky toe
Against gravity to deliver blood to your head

37. The left ventricle contracts, it will:
Close the right AV valve
Open the aortic semilunar valve
Shuttle the blood through the valve and into the aorta

38. Recap
LUNGS
Passes through the pulmonary vein on the way back to the heart.
Dumps into the left atrium
Passes through the left atrioventricular valve
Dumps into the left ventricle
Passes through the aortic semilunar valve in the aorta
BODY!

39. Put it all together BODY Vena cava (superior or inferior) Right atrium
Right atrioventricular valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
LUNGS
LUNGS
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left atrioventricular valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
BODY

40. Put it all together with a picture

41. Put it all together with clay