1. Genocide History

2. “More than 50 million people were systematically murdered in the past 100 years- the century of mass murder.”
“In sheer numbers, these and other killings make the 20th century the bloodiest period in human history.”
National Geo. 2006

3. What is Genocide??
“Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such:
Killing members of the group.
Causing serious bodily or mental harm.
Deliberately inflicting conditions of life for physical destruction in whole or in part.
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."

4. Genocide in History
There are many cases of Genocide which have existed throughout our history dating back to biblical times.

5. Native American People
Population declined 80-90% in the first 100 years
After the arrival of the Europeans in Native populations began to drastically decrease.
Some methods of genocide included
Murder
Infected smallpox blankets
Scalping Proclamations
Treaties
Reservations
The Indian Removal Acts
Anglicization in English schools to remove heritage.

6. Armenian Genocide ( )
Up to 1.5 million Armenians were slaughtered
The Ottoman Empire (Turkish) existed from 1299 to They were responsible for the following:
Deportation of 2,000,000 from their homeland- 1,500,000 of the men, women and children were then murdered.
500,000 were expelled from the Armenian homeland which existed for 2,500 years.
The Turkish gov’t disputes these charges
15 countries agree (France and Russia)

7. The Armenian Genocide Controversy
To this day, the Turks deny that the Genocide occurred.
This is a VERY controversial issue to the Turks.
Turkey suspended its military ties with France in 2006 after the French parliament's lower house adopted a bill that that would have made it a crime to deny that the Armenian killings constituted a genocide.
23 countries acknowledge the event was genocide
In early October 2007, the U.S. Congress opened debate on whether or not to declare the Armenian event a genocide – much to the dismay of the Turkish government.

8. WORLD WAR II
Over 20 million People were killed.
World War II resulted in the deaths of millions of innocent men, women and children.
While incidents such as the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking are obvious examples, numerous other incidents demonstrate how conflict is often a “trigger” for these events to occur such as:
Strategic bombing of civilian targets (all sides)
Forced relocation of Races
Displacement and refugees due to war.

9. The Holocaust
Over 11 million People were killed.
During the Holocaust the Nazis’ killed 6million Jews, 3 million POW’s, 2 million Poles and 400,000 other “undesirables”(slaves, homosexuals and communists)
The holocaust is known for its cruelty, large scale and systematic efficiency of the mass murders.
People were killed by: open-air shootings, by killing squads, extermination camps (gas chambers, mass shootings)

10. China,
Approx. 30 million killed
Mao Zedong and his communist government killed 30 million Chinese people during his reign in
Most of these were citizens who opposed the gov’t or thought differently
Some were ethnic groups

11. Genocides from 1951-Present
Cambodia
Guatemala
Iraq
Balkans
Rwanda
Sudan

12. Cambodia
The Khmer Rouge killed 1.7 million
The communist party Khmer Rouge and leader Pol Pot ruled Cambodia from They were responsible for forced labor, starvation, and execution.
This was one of the most lethal regimes of the 20th century.
This communist party killed “suspect ethnic groups” - Chinese, Vietnamese, Buddhist monks, and refugees.

13. Guatemala, 1980s The Mayan Genocide - 200,000 killed
It was believed that the Mayan communities were allies of the communist guerrillas who opposed the Government.
This led to increasing and worsening human rights violations perpetrated against them,
It led to extermination en masse of defenseless Mayan communities, including children, women and the elderly,.
Often whole villages were rounded up and killed often in brutal ways by special “Civil Patrol” units.

14. Iraq, 1988
50-100,000 People killed.
The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds was a systematic and deliberate murder of at least 50,000 and possibly as many as 100,000 Kurds.
It was the culmination of a long term strategy to solve what the government saw as its “Kurdish problem”.
Halabja (March ’88) was one chapter of this campaign in which chemical weapons were used against this Kurdish Village.

15. Balkans,
Over 50,000 People killed.
After the WWI Bosnia was united with other Slav territories to form Yugoslavia, essentially ruled and run by Serbs.
Yugoslavia disintegrated in June 1991
Throughout the region conflict between the three main ethnic groups - the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, resulted in genocide committed by the Christian Serbs against the Muslims in Bosnia and Kosovo.

16. RWANDA 1994 Up to 1 million People killed.
The Rwandan Genocide was the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups during a period of 100 days from April 6th through mid-July 1994.
The Western and First World Countries did nothing to help this situation.
Prior to the attacks the UN did not respond to reports of the Hutu plans.
This Genocide was ended when the Tutsi rebel movement (Rwandese Political Front) seized power from the Hutu Government.

17. Rwanda 1994
“Hutu Mobs armed with machetes and other weapons killed roughly 8,000 Tutsis a day during a three-month campaign of terror. Powerful nations stood by as the slaughter surged on despite pleas from Rwandan and UN observers” National Geographic 2006.

18. Videos 5 Most Brutal Genocides What is Armenian Genocide? Survivors
Website: Museum of Tolerance

19. Freedom of Speech
Members of various cultural groups may want to voice their opinions about these events.
What might different cultural groups have to say?

20. Armenian Genocide

21. Native People of the Americas

22. Native Americans

23. Holocaust Survivor

24. African Americans

25. What would your sign say?
Make a sign about one of the genocides we have discussed today. It should have:
An intelligent or meaningful message
A symbol or picture to show the culture it represents

26. Sample Symbols of Culture