1. HUMAN REPRODUCTION

2. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN MALE
SCROTUM
TESTES
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
COWPER’S GLAND
RECTUM
SEMINAL VESICLES
URINARY BLADDER
PROSTATE GLAND
URETHRA
PENIS 8. 7. 9. 6.
10. 5. 3.
11. 4. 2. 1.

3. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN FEMALE
OVARY
OVIDUCT
(FALLOPIAN TUBE)
UTERUS
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA
VAGINA
CERVIX
RECTUM 1. 2. 1. 4. 3. 5. 8. 6. 7.

4. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTES
Produces sperm cells
Secretes testosterone
Secondary male sex characteristics
Body hair
Muscle development
Deep voice
SCROTUM
Sac that holds testes
Muscles control temperature
Muscles contract – pull the testes up (cold temp)
Muscles relax – drops the testes down (warm temp)
1. (3) 2.

5. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
Inside the testes
Produces sperm
EPIDIDYMIS
Sperm stored here
VAS DEFERENS
Sperm travels through here to the urethra
SEMINAL VESICLES (nourishment)
COWPER’S GLAND (lubricant)
PROSTATE GLAND (alkaline)
These glands secrete fluids into the vas deferens that make up the fluid called semen
URETHRA
bladder 8. 6. 5. 7. 9. 4.
1. (3) 2.

6. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVARY
Produces the egg
Secretes estrogen
Secondary sex characteristics
Develop breasts
Broaden pelvis
Distribute body fat
Follicles – contain immature eggs (200,000) only 500 eggs mature in a lifetime
Ovulation – when one follicle breaks out to the ovary 1.

7. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVIDUCT (FALLOPIAN TUBE)
Cilia create a current and draws the egg down the tube
Usually fertilization occurs here
UTERUS
Thick walled muscular organ
Where the embryo develops
CERVIX
Narrow neck of the uterus
VAGINA (birth canal)
URETHRA 1. 2. 3.
bladder 4. 6. 5.

8. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
vas deferens
bladder
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
Cowper’s gland
urethra
penis
epididymis
testes

9. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
oviduct
uterus
cervix
follicles
ovary
vagina
uterus
(endometrium)

10. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS
Involves interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary
Cycle lasts about 28 days
Females begin at puberty (ages 10-14) and ends at menopause (ages 45-50)
Cycle stops during pregnancy

11. Stages of the Menstrual Cycle
Follicle stage (10 – 14 days)
Pituitary secretes FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
Follicle secretes estrogen which causes thickening of the uterine lining
Ovulation
High levels of estrogen causes ↓ FSH and starts the secretion of LH (luteinizing hormone)
Egg breaks out of the follicle
Corpus luteum stage
LH causes corpus luteum to form around the egg (yellow body of cells)
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone which stops the development of new eggs
Menstruation
If no fertilization takes place - ↓ LH and ↓ progesterone
Lining of the uterus and blood pass out through the vagina

12. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

14. FERTILIZATION Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei
In vitro fertilization – 2 days after fertilization in a glass dish – zygote then implanted in the uterus

15. Reproductive Technology
In vitro fertilization (IVF): This is one of the most commonly used procedures. Eggs are combined with sperm in a dish in a laboratory. Once fertilization has occurred, the resulting embryos develop for 3 to 5 days before being placed in the uterus.

16. Implantation and Development
Cleavage – develops into blastula while in the oviduct
5-19 days later – embryo in the uterus
Implantation – embryo fastens itself onto the wall of the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy – embryo implants itself into the oviduct or abdominal wall
After 8-10 weeks it is called a fetus

17. EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
CHORION
Outer most membrane
PLACENTA
Forms between chorion and wall of the uterus
Allows exchange of nutrients and wastes between mom and baby
BLOOD DOES NOT MIX!!
BUT NOT A COMPLETE BARRIER!!
Allows diffusion of some viruses (German measles), alcohol, nicotine, drugs
UMBILICAL CORD
Formed from the yolk sac and allantois
Connects fetus to the placenta
AMNION
Inner most membrane
Filled with amniotic fluid
Shock absorber 1. 2. 3. 4.

18. BIRTH Gestation period – length of the pregnancy
Rhythmic contractions – contractions of the uterus called labor
Cervix dilates (opens)
Mom pushes baby out the birth canal
Placenta and amnion are expelled after the baby is born (after birth)

19. BIRTH Premature birth – birth before full term
Cesarean section – surgically removing the baby
Identical twins – same genetic material – come from the same egg
Fraternal twins – 2 different eggs fertilized by 2 different sperm

20. Testing during pregnancy
What is ultrasound?
A prenatal ultrasound test uses high-frequency sound waves, inaudible to the human ear, that are transmitted through the abdomen via a device called a transducer to look at the inside of the abdomen. With prenatal ultrasound, the echoes are recorded and transformed into video or photographic images of your baby.
The ultrasound can be used during pregnancy to show images of the baby, amniotic sac, placenta, and ovaries. Major anatomical abnormalities or birth defects can show up on an ultrasound.

21. Ultrasound images

22. Testing during pregnancy
What is an amniocentesis? An amniocentesis is a procedure used to obtain a small sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus to diagnose chromosomal disorders and open neural tube defects such as spina bifida.