1. GRAMMAR REVIEW

2. Nouns
Person
Place
Thing

3. Types of Nouns
Proper : Mr. D., Dr. Smith-Jones, Elmira, Brubacher Street, Denmark
Common: car, student, building, flower
Concrete: desk, food
Abstract: hope, disappointment, hunger

4. Pronoun Replaces a noun: Personal pronouns:
He (third person) might replace Jake (antecedent)
she – Jenna
it – textbook
they – the band
I (first person) we
You (second person)

5. Indefinite pronouns Anybody, anyone, anything Everybody, everything
Nobody, nothing
Somebody, someone, something
Both, few, many, several
All, any most, none, some

6. Verb The action of the sentence Action (jump, sing)
State of being ( am, feel, appear)
Can have more than one part: a helper verb and an action verb ( will study)
Can link the subject to a modifier
She was irritated.

7. DESCRIBERS
Adjectives
Adverbs

8. Adjectives
Adds to a noun
Many people
Orange shirt
Delicious pizza

9. Adverb Adds to a verb, adverb or adjective Walk gracefully
Walk very gracefully.

10. JOINERS
Preposition
Conjunction

11. Preposition Positioned before a noun to connect it to the sentence
Go to the office.

12. Conjunction
Connects two clauses, phrases or like sentence parts together
You need a healthy diet, and you also need exercise.

13. Expressers Interjection Expresses emotion Ouch! That hurt.
Oh! How lovely!
Blimey! I forgot my essay.

14. PARTS OF A SENTENCE
Subject
Predicate
Object
Phrase
Clause

15. Subject
The someone/something that does something in a sentence; this someone/something in a sentence’s main clause is called the bare subject
Who or what the sentence is about
The actor in the sentence

16. Predicate What the subject is, or what the subject did
Everything other than the subject
The main verb (the action that the someone/something is doing) in the predicate is called the bare predicate

17. Example
My best friend plays guitar.
Subject predicate.

18. Direct Object
Receives the action of the main verb

19. Indirect Object
Receives the direct object

20. Example
Josh threw the ball to Amanda.
Direct object indirect object

21. Phrases and Clause Phrase does not have its own subject and verb
into the forest
Clause has its own subject and verb
the children ran

22. Example
The children ran into the forest.
clause
phrase

23. Phrase
A group of words in a sentence that acts grammatically as a part of speech
It cannot stand alone as a sentence because it has neither a subject or a predicate

24. Main Clause
A group of words with a subject and a predicate that contain the main subject and the main verb (bare predicate) of the entire sentence
It can be joined to another clause with a coordinating conjunction (remember FANBOYS) or stand alone as a complete sentence

25. Subordinate Clause
A clause that begins with a subordinate conjunction, making it less important than the main clause in the same sentence
It cannot stand alone as a sentence

26. Example I went to the dentist because my tooth hurt.
Main clause subordinate clause

27. Relative Clause
A clause that begins with a relative pronoun such as who, that, or which that cannot be separated from the word or phrase it relates to.
The student who meets deadlines is successful.

28. TYPES OF SENTENCES
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex

29. Simple One subject and one verb ( one main clause)
John built the house.

30. Compound Two or more main clauses
I knocked at the door and rang the doorbell, but no one seemed to hear me.

31. Complex One main and one or more subordinate clauses
When we returned, the fire was out.

32. Compound-Complex
Two or more main clauses, and one or more subordinate clauses
I dropped my napkin, and I spilled my drink while the speaker was proposing a toast.