1. KBQA
ywsun

2. Representation: Graph Query
Node
Ungrounded Node (an existential variable)
Question Node
Grounded Node (individual)
Topic Entity
Comparable Node (literal)
Edge
Relation
Addition, function , applied on a node.
Ref: On Generating Characteristic-rich Question Sets for QA Evaluation

3. Graph Query Template Node Node Node Node Node Node relation relationA
Literal
Node
Function
relation
Literal
Node
relationA
Node
Function
relationB
模式二: 路径
谁有能力建造火箭, 高于55米 who is capable of building rockets taller than 55.0 m? >
who is capable of building rockets taller than 55.0 m? >
NODE: 0 class spaceflight.rocket_manufacturer spaceflight.rocket_manufacturer Rocket Manufacturer 1 none
NODE: 1 class spaceflight.rocket spaceflight.rocket Rocket 0 none
NODE: 2 literal 55.0^^ type.float >
EDGE: 1 2 spaceflight.rocket.height_meters Height
EDGE: 0 1 spaceflight.rocket_manufacturer.rockets_manufactured Rockets Manufactured
模式二: 星状
find players of american football who are 1.88 m and less than kg. <
NODE: 0 class base.schemastaging.american_football_player_extra base.schemastaging.american_football_player_extra American football player extra 1 none
NODE: 1 literal 102.0^^ type.float <
NODE: 2 literal 1.88^^ type.float none
EDGE: 0 1 people.person.weight_kg Weight
EDGE: 0 2 people.person.height_meters Height
模式三: 0-1; 0-2; 0-3; 0-4
find 3-master ships made of wood and have at least ton displacement. >=
NODE: 0 class base.sails.sailing_ship base.sails.sailing_ship Sailing Ship 1 none
NODE: 1 literal 3^^ type.int 3 0 none
NODE: 2 literal 213.0^^ type.float >=
NODE: 3 entity en.wood boats.hull_material Wood 0 none
EDGE: 0 1 base.sails.sailing_ship.number_of_masts Number of Masts
EDGE: 0 2 boats.ship.displacement Displacement
EDGE: 0 3 boats.ship.hull_material Hull material
模式四: ?0-1; 1-2; 3-1
the average rainfall in new york city is over 86 mm in which month of the year?
NODE: 0 class time.month time.month Month 1 none
NODE: 1 class travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate Travel destination monthly climate 0 none
NODE: 2 entity en.new_york_ny travel.travel_destination New York City 0 none
NODE: 3 literal 86^^ type.int 86 0 >
EDGE: 1 0 travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate.month Month
EDGE: 2 1 travel.travel_destination.climate Climate
EDGE: 1 3 travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate.average_rainfall_mm Average rainfall
SELECT (?x0 AS ?value) WHERE {
SELECT DISTINCT ?x0 WHERE {
?x0 :type.object.type :time.month .
?x1 :type.object.type :travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate .
VALUES ?x2 { :en.new_york_ny }
FILTER (?x3 > 86)
?x1 :travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate.month ?x0 .
?x2 :travel.travel_destination.climate ?x1 .
?x1 :travel.travel_destination_monthly_climate.average_rainfall_mm ?x3 .
FILTER ( ?x0 != ?x1 && ?x0 != ?x2 && ?x0 != ?x3 && ?x1 != ?x2 && ?x1 != ?x3 && ?x2 != ?x3 ) }
Literal
Node
relationA
Node
Function
relationB
relationC
Node

4. government.us_president
Example
Question:
which presidents of the united states weigh not less than 80.0 kg?
Graph Query:
80.0
government.us_president
people.person.weight_kg
>=
PREFIX : <
SELECT DISTINCT ?x0 WHERE {
?x0 :type.object.type :government.us_president .
?x0 :people.person.weight_kg ?x1 .
FILTER (?x1 >= 80.0) }

5. which presidents of the united states weigh not less than 80.0 kg?
Entity linking
government.us_president
type.object.name "US
common.topic.description "A type for people who have held the office of President of the United States of America. Includes a property for vice president and one for the number of their presidency (1, 16, 42,
Predicate Mapping
people.person.weight_kg
type.object.name
common.topic.description "Weight in
Function identification
80.0
>=

6. Paraphrase Model
which presidents of the united states weigh not less than 80.0 kg? [WHNP VP]
what us presidents has a weight of at least 80.0 kg. [WHNP VP]
what are the u.s. presidents whose weight is at least 80.0 kilograms? [WHNP Be NP]
find the us presidents whose weight is at least 80.0 kg. [find NP]
which presidents of the u.s. weighed kilograms or more? [WHNP VP]
which us presidents are heavier than kg? [WHNP VP]

7. 预设方法 结构的paraphrase; 短语的paraphrase Ungrounded Graph Grounded Graph
Paraphrase Model
Sentence Paraphrase
Entity Paraphrase
Graph Query Model
Templates Matching
Entity Linking
Predicate Mapping
Function Identification
Question Decomposition
结构的paraphrase; 短语的paraphrase
Ungrounded Graph
Grounded Graph
谢谢, 欢迎提问.