1. Chapter 8
Section 1

2. Focus Question
What leads people to fight a Revolution? Think about the French Revolution and the American Revolution.

3. Change in Europe By 1815 Europe had a large number of ethnic groups
More ethnicities than ever before
People valued different things
Nationalism begin to emerge within Europe
Strong sense of who “you” as a group are
Band together with others like you
Persecuted “different” people
Conflict begins to emerge within Europe
Ideologies

4. Conservatives
Conservatives wanted things to return to the way they were before 1789.
The way things were before Napoleon
Wanted monarchs in power
Wanted the class system to remain in tact
Thought that the church should have power
Thought change should be slow and gradual

5. Liberals Were inspired by the French Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Middle class
Bourgeoisie liberalism
Didn’t believe in divine right
Didn’t think that church should hold powers
Favored a Republic
Universal Manhood suffrage
Supported Laissez faire economics

6. Liberalism Takes Root Liberalism and nationalism had started in Europe
Every country wanted its freedom
Wars were constant
Social reforms begin

7. Countries Challenge the Old Order
Liberals fight against the conservatives
Fighting starts on the Balkan Peninsula
Serbia Revolts first against the ottomans in 1803
Greece revolts against the ottomans in 1821
Greeks were initially divided
Creating nationalism
Britain, France, Russia joined Greece
1830 Greece became independent

8. Section 2

9. What is the conservatives, and the liberals?
Focus Question
What is the conservatives, and the liberals?

10. French Rebels Louis XVIII comes to the throne
Gave people freedoms
Dies in 1824
Charles V comes to the throne
Restricted the press
Absolute rule
Divine right
Liberals and Radicals rebelled against Charles and the Conservatives
Charles V flees to England

11. Spirit of Reform Spreads
Louis Philippe becomes king
Was known as the peoples king
Did what ever the middle class wanted
Was scared to go against them
France became a republic
The Revolt in France inspired others throughout Europe to Revolt

12. Spirit of Reform Spreads
Congress of Vienna made decision about what should happen in Europe
Belgium rises up in revolt
Tired of being united with the Dutch
France supported Belgium
Belgium gains independence
Poland revolts
Russia, Austria, and Prussia had divided the country
Pols wanted freedom and independence

13. French Revolt Again
The entire population turned against Louis Philippe
Country went through a recession
People were starving
Business shut down
Louis Philippe abdicates
A New Napoleon comes to power
1848 Louis Napoleon comes to power
Created universal suffrage
Proclaimed himself emperor
Became Napoleon III

14. Revolution Surges Austria Italy German States Press was censored
Succeeded at first but overall failed
Italy
Independent republic
German States
People wanted national reforms
Liberals wanted change
Succeeded initially but overall failed

15. Chapter 8 Section 3

16. Who came to power in France during the second Revolution?
Focus Question
Who came to power in France during the second Revolution?

17. Discontent Spreads
The fighting in Europe was spreading to other parts of the world
Latin America
Spain had controlled Latin America for over 300 years
Discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political systems.

18. Social Classes Creoles made up the second class
Peninsulares dominated the social class and held power of both the church and the government
People born in Spain
Creoles made up the second class
People born in the Americas but are Spanish
Mullatos and Mestizos made up the lowest class.
Were denied the status of wealth and power
The native Americans were prisoners in their own lands
Slave population that worked the sugar cane plantations longed for their freedoms

19. Enlightenment Spreads to Latin America
Latin America had watched the colonist defeat the British
The creoles and some lower classes had read about the enlightenment in Europe and wanted change
Napoleon invades Spain and kicks out the king
Places his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne
Latin America saw Spain as being weak
Took the opportunity to demand their independence

20. Haiti Revolts Hispaniola was controlled by the French
1791 the slaves rose up in revolt
1798 the rebels had achieved their goal
The revolution took more lives than any other American battle
Slavery was abolished
Napoleon sails to the Americans to reclaim the land
Yellow fever forces France to surrender
1804 Hispaniola gains its independence and names itself Haiti

21. Mexico and Central America Revolt
Mexico was tired of Spanish control
Father Miguel Hidalgo rallied for freedom
Mestizos, mullatos, and native Americans rallied for their freedoms
He was executed by the Spanish
Jose Morelos takes the command of the army
In 1820 liberals forced the leaders of Mexico to overthrow the Spanish viceroy
Mexico gains the independence in 1820

22. Revolutions in South America
Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin marched their troops across the Andean mountains to fight the Spanish
San Martin joins the fighting with his men
Brazil belonged to Portugal
Portugal has to give Brazil its independence in 1822
Dom Pedro becomes the king
All fighting in Latin America was tied to the Enlightenment that took place in Europe and the colonies

23. Why did Revolution start in Latin America?
Focus Question
Why did Revolution start in Latin America?