1. Figure 1 Gliomas—genetic landscape and biomarkers
Figure 1 | Gliomas—genetic landscape and biomarkers. Schematic sketch of the relationship of oligodendroglial and astrocytic tumours (not addressing the issue of oligoastrocytoma) to the soluble, circulating biomarkers that are likely to be developed as elements of clinical trials for prognosis and disease monitoring, so as to to detect therapeutic efficacy, tumour progression, or adaptation to therapy. Markers can either be relevant to prognosis (indicated with 'P'), or relate to therapeutic decisions ('T'). For example, MGMT methylation determines the use of temozolomide, and PD1–PDL1 relates to the potential use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The vertical arrows indicate progression along the WHO grade. Yellow indicates the tumour type (according to the WHO classification), and blue indicates potential circulating biomarkers and the information they contain; green indicates potential therapeutic relevance. Abbreviations: ctDNA, circulating tumour DNA; MGMT, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; PDL1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; sGBM, secondary glioblastoma.
Westphal, M. & Lamszus, K. (2015) Circulating biomarkers for gliomas
Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi: /nrneurol