2. Educational Applications Music Therapy General Music Recreational Drumming (uniting people, regardless of their backgrounds) DRUM CIRCLES

3. Why Percussion? Easy to produce a sound Do not confuse producing a sound with producing a good sound or a useful sound DRUM CIRCLES

4. Facilitator Coach Teacher Guide DRUM CIRCLES

5. Technique Hand drums Djembes Congas Bongos Tubano Cajon 1. Air under instrument for better projection 2. Bass tone; center of instrument; heel of hand 3. Open tone; fingers (no thumb); dribble off of head 4. Slap; brightest sound – by edge, w/curved fingers DRUM CIRCLES

6. Technique Shakers Maracas Tube shakers African shakers 1. Throw seeds so that pulse is forward DRUM CIRCLES

7. Technique Claves 1. Form C with holding hand; cup shape 2. Strike sweet spot of claves together Cowbells/Bells (agogo) 1. Face opening away from body 2. Muffle with fingers; contrast with open tone DRUM CIRCLES

8. Facilitator Cues Rumble/roll Ambient noise category Shaking hands is the cue Dynamics Lowering or raising hands for the cue DRUM CIRCLES

9. Facilitator Cues Stop/Start Counting in the start Counting down the cut-off Mark the pulse or accent Helping the group establish a pulse Accent a specific beat pattern DRUM CIRCLES

10. Facilitator Cues Sculpting Stopping one part of the group, in order to have them listen to another part of the group Tempo Speed Up Slow down DRUM CIRCLES

11. Facilitator Cues Call and Response Facilitator plays a rhythm; group imitates the rhythm One part of a group plays a rhythm; another part of the group imitates the rhythm No Facilitation Just start jammin and see where it goes…! DRUM CIRCLES

12. Form Layering Bring instruments in or out, one group at a time A – B - A Apply various cue techniques, such as ambient noise – rumble/roll for section A, then a pulse or groove for section B, and back to the ambient noise for section A Sound scapes Focus on ambient Soloists? DRUM CIRCLES

13. RESOURCES REMO – Kids Instruments REMO Hal Leonard – The Art and Heart of Drum Circles featuring Christine Stevens (DVD) Hal Leonard Percussive Arts Society – Interactive Drumming Percussive Arts Society DRUM CIRCLES