1. Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest 1754-1774
Period 3: | Amsco Chapter 4 Overview

2. Empires at War
Great Britain, France and Spain as major colonial empires
Fought on and off for 74 years to gain supremacy ( )
King William’s War ( )
Britain attempted to gain Quebec: failed; natives sided with French
Queen Anne’s War ( )
Britain gains Nova Scotia and trade rights in Spanish America
King George’s War ( )
Georgia defends against Spain; colonists gain Louisbourg (Canada)
Britain Louisbourg back for trade gains in India
Colonists mad about this

3. The Seven Years’ War The 3 prior wars were mainly in Europe
Now, regular troops were sent to protect valuable colonies
The French constructed forts in the Ohio River Valley
To stop the westward movement of British colonists
The governor of Virginia sent a force to stop construction at Duquesne: Pitt
Colonel George Washington surrendered to French and Natives: 1754
1755: General Braddock routed by French and Natives
Algonquin began burning frontier settlements
The Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin)
Failed to unify colonists in a single effort (jealous of tax collecting, et cetera)

4. British Victory William Pitt bankrupted the empire to fund a comeback
Retook Louisbourg 1758
Captured Quebec 1759
Captured Montreal 1760
Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain received French Canada and Spanish Florida
France gave its N. American claims to Spain; France’s power there was broken
Post-War issues
More troops were needed to guard the huge new frontiers
The cost of the war was extensive
The Native Americans
Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763: Natives attack the British settlements moving west
British regular troops sent
Proclamation line of 1763: Britain’s attempt to stop colonist movement west

5. British Actions; Colonial Reactions
The proclamation line made colonists feel cheated of liberties
The Sugar Act 1764
Taxed sugar and certain luxuries to pay for the cost of the wars
This was accompanied by a stricter enforcement of Navigation Acts
The Quartering Act 1765
House troops to cut cost of building forts
The Stamp Act 1765
Implemented a long-used tax in Britain in the colonies (all legal documents)
This tax affected all colonists that used paper (unlike Sugar Act; merchants)
Retaliation
“The Stamp Act Congress”
Only assemblies of representatives can approve new taxes
Sons and Daughters of Liberty: secret group to harass tax collectors

6. Tensions Build Colonial boycotting of British goods
Led to the repeal of the acts in 1766
The Declaratory Act 1766: Parliament had the right to tax colonies
“In all cases whatsoever”
The Second Phase of the Crisis
The Townshend Acts 1767
A tax on colonial imports (tea, glass and paper)
Authorities could search homes for smuggled goods (writ of assistance)
These affected merchants, not average colonists
Wealthy merchants/businessmen began to simmer
James Otis and Samuel Adams called for its repeal
Papers circulated, boycotts ensued, and smuggling increased

7. Day 2
Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest

8. Radicalism Grows Townshend Acts repealed 1770
Calmed colonists for 3 years, minus the
Boston Massacre 1770
British soldiers were protecting a customs house
The Sons of Liberty and a crowd harassed soldiers (rocks and shots)
John Adams was the soldiers’ lawyer; they were acquitted on “defense”
Samuel Adams (John’s radical cousin) denounced this
Called the incident a “massacre” and spread false propaganda
Samuel Adams and other radicals
Continued to spread anti-British sentiments despite the quiet years
The Committees of Correspondence 1772 (Samuel Adams)
Exchange suspicious-looking British news
The Virginia House of Burgesses made this intercolonial 1773

9. The Tipping Point The Gaspee
A British ship capturing smugglers ran aground
Colonists disguised as natives burned the ship
The Boston Tea Party
To help the East India Company, Parliament passed Tea Act 1773
This lowered the cost of tea in the colonies to stop smuggling Dutch tea
By now, colonists were refusing to buy tea on principle alone
Disguised as natives, colonists threw 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor
Colonial reactions were mixed

10. British Anger The Intolerable Acts The Coercive Acts 1774
The Port Act closed Boston’s port until the tea was paid for
The Mass. Government Act reduced Mass’s power and increased royal
The Administration of Justice Act allowed for royal officials to be tried in GB
Expanded Quarter Act
The Quebec Act 1774
Organized Canadian gains and set up government with no assembly
The French there accepted (established Catholicism as religion)
Expanded border to Ohio River
The 13 colonies were furious (saw as a threat)
Revolutionary underpinnings
The Enlightenment intellectuals raised serious political questions