1. CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

2. SUMMARY 1.Haemoglobin - the unique compound of blood 2.Techniques of bloods detection Luminescene Crystal reaction Catalytic color reaction Instrumental reaction 3.Resume of detection techniques MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 2

3. HAEMOGLOBIN Structure of human haemoglobin. MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? α protein's subunits β protein's subunits iron-containing heme groups 3

4. 4 TECHNIQUES OF BLOODS DETECTION MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? Technique based on Heme stain Luminescence Luminol/Lumiscene Fluorescein Crystal test Takayama test Catalytic color test Leucocrystal violet Kastle-Meyer test Instrumental test High performance liquid chromatography Proteins stain Catalytic test Amido black

5. CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LUMINOL MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? + hν 425 nm 1 5

6. LUMINOL – EMISSION SPECTRUM MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? Detection of blood using Luminol on crime scene Luminol emission spectrum : peak at 425 nm Human eye range : from 380 nm to 780 nm 6

7. LUMISCENE – IMPROVED LUMINOL MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? Lumiscenes emisson spectrum – peak at 525 nm Same reaction but better wavelenght and eye sensitivity 7 Color corresponding to wavelenght of 525 nm

8. KASTLE-MEYER TEST - PHENOLPHTHALIN MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 8

9. NEGATIVE/POSITIVE KASTLE-MEYER TEST MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 9 Negative and positive result to presence of blood

10. RESUME MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? CompoundUseColorSensitivityPersistanceInterferenceDamage Luminol Reagent for latent bloodstains Blue glow 0,0001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Copper salts, brass, bronze and other similar alloys No damage Kastle- Meyer test Reagent for latent and visible bloodstain Pink0,000 001 ml of blood Immediate change of color Vegetable peroxidases, copper, nickel salts Damage of DNA LCV Latent prints, deposited blood on non-porous surfaces,visible blood prints Purple0,001 ml of blood Immediate change of color Copper, nickel and other similar salts Damage of DNA Takayama test Reagent for latent bloodstain Pink crystals 0,001 ml of blood Formation of crystals noneDamage of DNA Fluorescein Reagent for latent bloodstains Green fluores- cence 0,0001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Copper, nickel and other similar salts No damage Amido black Latent prints and to enhance visible blood prints on painted surfaces Dark blue 0,001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Damage of blood sequence 10

11. CompoundUseColorSensitivityPersistanceInterferenceDamage Luminol Reagent for latent bloodstains Blue glow 0,0001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Copper salts, brass, bronze and other similar alloys No damage Kastle- Meyer test Reagent for latent bloodstain Pink0,000 001 ml of blood Immediate change of color Vegetable peroxidases, copper, nickel salts Damage of DNA LCV Latent prints, deposited blood on non-porous surfaces,visible blood prints Purple0,001 ml of blood Immediate change of color Copper, nickel and other similar salts Damage of DNA Takayama test Reagent for latent bloodstain Pink crystals 0,001 ml of blood Formation of crystals NoneDamage of DNA Fluorescein Reagent for latent bloodstains Green fluores- cence 0,0001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Copper, nickel and other similar salts No damage Amido black Latent prints and to enhance visible blood prints on painted surfaces Dark blue 0,001 ml of blood Photographs should be taken within a few hours Damage of DNA MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 11

12. REFERENCES MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I. IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 12