1. Prehistoric Art Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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2. Dating Conventions and Abbreviations
B.C.=before Christ B.C.E.=before the Common Era
A.D.=Anno Domini (the year of our Lord) C.E.=Common Era
c. or ca.= circa C.=century
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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3. Paleolithic Art introduces the student to the “image-making” capability of humankind. Representational images appeared in Asia, Africa and Europe.
Mesolithic Art further developed the representational skills which theses early peoples used to describe and define their domain. Human figural representation is regularized into narratives, which identify human activities and concerns.
Neolithic people settle into communities, which are fixed in place, and animals and foods stuffs are domesticated. Art becomes an integral component for community living.

4. Twisted perspective
A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown frontally; a composite view.

5. Around 30,000 BCE human beings were thought to have intentionally created works of art
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Pebble resembling a human face
from Makaspansgat South Africa
ca. 3,000,000 B.C.E.
reddish brown jasperite
approximately 2 3/8 in. wide

6. Animals were most often depicted by Paleolithic artists.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Apollo 11 Cave
Namibia
ca. 23,000 B.C.E.
charcoal on stone
5 in x 4 3/4 in.

7. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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8. Incise
To cut into a surface with a sharp instrument; a means of decoration, especially on metal and pottery.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Human with Feline Head
from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany
ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E.
mammoth ivory
11 5/8 in. high

9. Interpretations given to figures
Sorcerers
Magicians wearing masks
Humans dressed up as animals.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Human with Feline Head
from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany
ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E.
mammoth ivory
11 5/8 in. high

10. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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11. Venus of Willendorf from Willendorf, Austria
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Venus of Willendorf from Willendorf, Austria
ca. 28,000-25,000 B.C.E.
limestone
4 1/4 in. high

12. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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13. from cave of Les Rideaux, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Woman of Lespugue
from cave of Les Rideaux, France
ca. 20,000 B.C.E.
mammoth ivory
5 3/4 in. high

14. Various European “Venus” figures
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Various European “Venus” figures

15. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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16. from a cave in Laussel, Dordogne, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Woman of Laussel
from a cave in Laussel, Dordogne, France
ca. 25,000-20,000 B.C.E.
painted limestone
approximately 18 in. high

17. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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18. from a cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert, Ariége, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Bison reliefs
from a cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert, Ariége, France
ca. 15,000-10,000 B.C.E.
clay
each approximately 2 feet long

19. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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20. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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21. Chauvet Cave paintings Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Chauvet Cave paintings
Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche, France
ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E.
pigment on stone

22. Three caves or caverns that contain Paleolithic paintings are;
Altamira, Spain;
Lascaux, France;
Pech-Merle, Lot, France.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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23. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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24. The prehistoric peoples may have attributed magical properties to the paintings.
Confining animals to the surface of their cave walls, they may have felt they were bringing the animals under their control.
Rituals or demons may have been performed in front of them either to aid in hunting or insure survival of the herds.
They may have been teaching tools to instruct new hunters or to serve as target practice.
Pech-Merle Cave paintings
Lot, France
ca. 22,000 B.C.E.
pigment on stone
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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25. Techniques the artists may have used to create the Pech-Merle prints
Negative prints:
The painter placed one hand against the wall and brushed or blew pigment around it.
Positive prints:
The painter dipped a hand in pigment and then pressed the hand against the wall.
Meaning;
They may have been signatures, either of the individual artist or the artist’s community.

26. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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27. Organization of the bison images from Altamira
They are all in profile to show all parts of the animal.
They seem to float above the viewer’s head and do not share a common ground line or orientation.
They are separate rather than a group.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Altamira Cave paintings
Santander, Spain
ca. 12,000-11,000 B.C.E.
pigment on stone

28. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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29. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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30. Lascaux Cave paintings Lascaux, Dordogne, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Lascaux Cave paintings
Lascaux, Dordogne, France
ca. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E.
pigment on stone

31. Two different techniques used at Lascaux to depict animals
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Two different techniques used at Lascaux to depict animals
Colored silhouettes.
Outline alone.

32. Were the animals at Lascaux painted at different times?
Two different techniques (silhouettes and outlines).
The “herd” also consists of several different kinds of animals of various sizes and styles moving in different directions.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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33. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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34. Mammoth bone dwelling from Ukraine ca. 16,000-10,000 B.C.E.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Mammoth bone dwelling
from Ukraine
ca. 16,000-10,000 B.C.E.

35. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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36. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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37. Neolithic Art Neolithic art and architecture vocabulary: Lintel
A beam used to span an opening, or a stone in the case of megalith circles.
Megalith
Massive rough-cut stones, usually grouped into circles or “henges.”
Terracotta
Hand-baked clay used for sculpture and as a building material. It may be glazed or painted.

38. Contained the earliest permanent stone fortifications
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Great Stone Tower of Settlement Wall
Jericho, Israel/Gaza
ca. 8,000-7,000 B.C.E.

39. Human Skulls with Restored Features from Jericho, Israel/Gaza
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Human Skulls with Restored Features
from Jericho, Israel/Gaza
ca. 7,000-6,000 B.C.E. skulls, plaster, shells

40. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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41. Çatal Höyük Turkey ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Çatal Höyük
Turkey
ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.

42. Çatal Höyük is best known for its wall paintings and shrines
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Deer Hunt detail of a wall painting from Level III
Çatal Höyük, Turkey
ca. 5,750 B.C.E.
Two subjects that were portrayed in the paintings at Çatal Höyük were a hunting party and a landscape.
The technique;
Pigments were applied with a brush to a white background of dry plaster.

43. Landscape with Volcanic Eruption
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
Landscape with Volcanic Eruption
Çatal Höyük, Turkey ca watercolor copy of a wall painting

44. Three changes in artistic production that paralleled the shift from a food-gathering to a food-producing society.
Paintings are made on walls of permanent houses, not in caves.
The first known landscape, showing a village.
The Tower of Jericho, the beginning of monumental architecture.

45. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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46. Stonehenge was thought to have been erected in several phases in centuries before and after 2000 BCE.
It was probably an astronomical observatory as it is an accurate solar calendar.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Stonehenge
Salisury Plain, Wiltshire, England
ca. 2,550-1,600 B.C.E. sarsen and bluestone

47. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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48. Çatal Höyük Turkey ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Çatal Höyük
Turkey
ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.

49. Figures of Man and Woman From Cernavoda, Romania
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Figures of Man and Woman
From Cernavoda, Romania
ca. 4,000-3,500 B.C.E. ceramic 4 1/2 in. high

50. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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51. Menhir alignments at Ménec, Carnac, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Menhir alignments at Ménec,
Carnac, France
ca. 4,250-3,750 B.C.E.

52. various Menhirs Ireland, Scotland, England, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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various Menhirs
Ireland, Scotland, England, France

53. Dolmens Ireland, Scotland, England, France
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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Dolmens
Ireland, Scotland, England, France

54. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
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