1. Britain Leads the Way Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus
Production before Factories
The Textile Industry
The development of the transportation industry
The devices used to aid the textile industry

2. Britain Leads the Way Main Idea Reading Focus
In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.
Reading Focus
Why was Britain the starting point for the Industrial Revolution
What were the changes that transformed the textile industry
What was the significance of the transportation industry?

3. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 2: Britain Leads the Way
Witness History Audio: Riding the Railway
Why Britain?
Britain was able to quickly industrialize because of several factors: coal and river transportation routes were plentiful; there was a large pool of skilled mechanics; there were enough people who had grown rich from trade to finance new industries; there was a stable government that supported economic growth.
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.)
When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.)
When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals.
When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital.
Geography Interactive: Resources and Industries in England, 1750
Note Taking Transparency 128
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4. Click the icon to play Listen to History audio.
Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps.

5. A Revolution in Great Britain
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Exploration and colonialism
Seapower
Political stability
Government support
Growth of private investment
Factors for Success
Research and development on farms
Jethro Tull, seed drill
Improved livestock breeding
Better varieties of food crops
Increased food supply
Population grew
Enclosure movement
Agricultural Factors

6. Britain’s Big Advantage
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
Had essential elements for economic success
Factors of production
Land
Labor
Capital

7. Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

8. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 2: Britain Leads the Way
The Textile Industry Advances
The Industrial Revolution made its first big impact on the textile industry. Machines were invented that cleaned cotton, spun thread, and wove cloth. Home-based workers were quickly replaced by fewer factory workers.
Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840
Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.)
When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.)
When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals.
When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital.
Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850
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9. A Revolution in Textiles
Textile Industry
Beginning of Industrial Revolution
Weaving was a cottage industry
Labor performed at home
Industrialization transformed this
Fabric made of wool or cotton
Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s
Slave labor in America
Invention of cotton gin
Invention of spinning jenny
Invention of flying shuttle
New Way of Making Cloth
Cottages too small
Factory invented
Power for factories?
Water frame for water power
Output increased 8x by 1770
Cloth-making in Factories

11. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2
Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840
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13. Factories and Factory Towns
Where employees worked
Major change from cottage industry/Putting Out System
Had to leave home to work
Hardships for some workers
Working in a factory
Dangerous work for all
Long workdays
Poor factory conditions common

14. What were some benefits of the cottage system of production?
Find the Main Idea
What were some benefits of the cottage system of production?
Answer(s): workers made decisions about when to work, rest, and eat, how much to produce; family could adjust work schedule, all family members could be involved

15. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 2: Britain Leads the Way
The Transportation Revolution
With increased production came the demand for better transportation. Turnpikes were built and canals were dug. Railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and North America.
Witness History Audio: Sounds of the Rails
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.)
When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.)
When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals.
When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital.
QuickTake Section Quiz
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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16. The Transportation Revolution
As production increased entrepreneurs needed faster & cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place. Some invested in private roads (turnpike), had canals built, built stronger bridges & upgraded harbors
Canals Boom
Factories needed an efficient & cheap way to receive/ship coal, raw materials & finished goods
Entrepreneurs built canals for profit, but not all had enough traffic after the locomotive
Welcome the Steam Locomotive
Made the growth of railroads possible
Railroads made shipping and receiving goods more accessible
Railroad travel became faster and railroad building boomed
One Thing Leads to Another
Industrial Revolution triggered chain reaction
Machines produce large quantities of goods more efficiently
Prices fall making goods more affordable & increasing demand

17. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2
Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850
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18. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2
Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800
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19. Identify Supporting Details
What are some facts that illustrate the difficulties of factory work?
Answer(s): injuries, long workdays, noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation, inadequate food

20. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2
Note Taking Transparency 128
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21. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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