1. Chapter 2 The planting of English America
Colonizing America–
Chapter 2 The planting of English America

2. Chapter 1 – Review
Hernan Cortes conquest on Mexico defeated what Native group?
- Aztecs
Mexico became the capital of what Spanish colony?
- New Spain
The territory north of New Spain was called what?
-New Mexico

3. Chapter 1 – Review (Continued)
King Francis of France wanted to find a northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean which was referred to as this?
-Northwest Passage
What industry of trade was the largest for the French?
-Fur trading
Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette set off to explore this river?
-Mississippi
The French in Louisiana were the first in the New World to import what?
-African Slaves

4. Section 2 – English Colonies in America
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America
Established 100 years after the first English explorers arrived
Cabot sailed after Columbus and was lost at sea – found no wealth during first voyage
English did not try to colonize America for another 80 years – no money and no compelling reason to migrate – Spain, an English ally already claimed America
During the late 1500s changes would lead England to America

5. Section 2 (Continued) - Reformation
Martin Luther – Protestant Reformation – expelled from Catholic church – Lutherans
John Calvin – congregations not monarchies should rule the Church
-many early English settlers in America were Calvinists
Feud between King Henry and the Pope lead to an Anglican Church and a Catholic Church – Puritans tried to purify the Church of all of the Catholic elements – Puritans led by Queen Elizabeth I

6. Section 2 (Continued) - Reformation
Puritans still witnessed many Catholic elements and were not happy – King James I came along – upset Puritans ready to leave England

7. Section 2 (Continued) – Economic Changes in England
Sheep -> Enclosure Movement -> poor unemployed beggars
Surplus wool led to joint-stock companies -> pooled money of many investors
English merchants could afford to trade with and colonize other parts of the world without government financing

8. Section 2 (continued) – England Returns to America
Needed to find new wool markets -> routes through North America to Asia
New interest in America was also due to growing rivalry with Spain -> allies to enemies -> Protestant and Catholic
England’s new alliance with Dutch -> privateers

9. Section 2 (continued) – England Returns to America
English lacked bases for protection against Spain – led to several attempts to colonize N. America – Gilbert failed – Raleigh successful and knighted – named land Virginia after the queen and founded Roanoke

11. Section 2 (continued) – Roanoke?
1585 Raleigh sent ~100 men to settle Roanoke – colonists returned to England – harsh winter
Tried again in 1587 – sent 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children – John White (Governor) sent back to England to get supplies
White returned in 1590 and everyone was GONE! Remains a MYSTERY!

13. Section 2 (continued) - Jamestown
James I approved the Virginia Company to plant colonies in Virginia - colony named after the king – near swamp land
Consisted of mostly townspeople – knew little about living in the woods – did not know how to handle livestock and grow crops – 344 men, only 53 alive by the end of the year
Captain John Smith became a leader and revived the colony with the help of Chief Powhatan

14. Section 2 (continued) - Jamestown
John Smith and the Powhatan Confederacy traded with each other which in turn helped Jamestown survive the harsh winter in 1607
Smith went back to England -> 400 new settlers arrived to work -> not enough food -> stealing led to wars with Native Americans -> cannibalism
Tobacco saves the colony -> led by John Rolfe -> sold for a good price

16. Section 2 (continued) – Jamestown
Set up government -> each colonist obtained the right to elect its own assembly to propose laws
Elected representatives were called burgesses and the assembly was called the House of Burgessess
Headrights encouraged new settlers -> gave them 50 acres of land with purchase of their passage
By 1622, more than 4,500 settlers had arrived in Virginia -> alarmed Native Americans who attacked Jamestown – 350 dead – Charter withdrawn and Jamestown became a royal colony run by a king-appointed governor

17. Section 2 (continued) – Maryland
Founded by George Calvert – Lord Baltimore
Founded with the idea to be used as an escape from Catholic persecution in England
Maryland became England’s first proprietary colony -> owned by an individual who essentially had the same power as the king.

18. Section 3 – New England
Group of Puritans called Separatists (later known as Pilgrims) broke away from the Anglican Church, faced persecution and decided to come to America.
Mayflower set sail in > 102 Passengers -> took 65 days
Ended up in Plymouth on the Massachusetts Bay

19. Section 3 (continued) – Plymouth Colony
Leader -> William Bradford
Plague swept sparing only 50 people
Help from Squanto -> how to set corn, where to fish, and how to obtain many commodities
The Pilgrims (signed treaty) and the Wampanoag people celebrated for three days –> first Thanksgiving

20. Section 3 (continued) - Massachusetts
John Winthrop – Massachusetts Bay Company -> received a royal charter in 1629 to create a colony in New England
Winthrop decided to make Massachusetts a refuge for Puritans -> 900 settlers set sail in eleven ships
By end of year another 1,000 settlers came – Boston founded – Great Migration – > 20,000 settlers in New England

21. Section 3 (continued) – Massachusetts
Governed by a General Court -> freeman who owned stock in the company
John Winthrop – first governor – ignored charter and made rules himself with his assistants -> restricted freemans power for four years until they demanded to see charter -> General Court took power
Winthrop believed the government should help the church – laws passed requiring everyone to go to church
Heretics threatened the community -> beliefs differed from the majority

22. Section 3 (continued) – Rhode Island
Roger Williams -> viewed as a threat in Puritan settlements, kicked out, started his own colony – Providence
Accepted all kinds of religious views -> government had no authority in religious matters
More people banished for having dissenting views – founded Portsmouth (Anne Hutchinson), Newport, and Warwick
Colony of Rhode Island -> separation between church and state

23. Section 3 (continued) - Connecticut
Founded by Reverend Hooker -> wanted more land for his congregation and wanted everyone to be allowed to vote (not just church members)
Adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – first written constitution of the American colonies

24. Section 3 (continued) – New Hampshire and Maine
Other towns established north of Massachusetts – consisting of a lot of fishers and fur traders
New Hampshire – established as a royal colony
Maine was part of Massachusetts until 1820

25. Section 4 – Middle and Southern Colonies
English Civil War was being fought between Parliament and the Puritans in England
Due to the war, the colonies in America chose sides
Some populations declined due to Puritans returning home to fight in the war
Charles I -> “Restoration” -> new wave of colonization

26. Section 4 (continued)– New York
Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson River
Dutch sold the land in “New Netherland” to many types of immigrants -> imported slaves from Africa
Charles II ordered warships to take New Netherland from the Dutch and rename it New York – offered land grants and religious freedom – Puritans

27. Section 4 (continued) – Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn -> settled by Quakers
Quakers advocated “pacifism” – opposition to war and violence
“Holy Experiment”
1684 – over 7,000 colonists and by 1700 Philadelphia rivaled Boston and New York as a center for trade and commerce
William Penn later bought 3 counties which later became Delaware

28. Section 4 (continued) – North Carolina
Carolina’s are named after King Charles
North had a small, scattered population
Grew slowly due to lack of a harbor -> began growing tobacco and exporting naval supplies -> population increased

29. Section 4 (continued) – South Carolina
Was most interesting to people -> ability to grow sugarcane
Charles Town (Charleston) – Named after King Charles
Exported deer skin and captured Native Americans to ship them to the Caribbean to became slaves

30. Section 4 (continued) - Georgia
Named after King George -> suggested by James Oglethorpe
A place where imprisoned people due to debt was sent to start their lives over
1751 – Royal Colony

31. Section 4 (continued) – England’s American Colonies
By 1775 – population of 2.5 million people
English success would become its undoing
People became used to self-government and would later rebel against England to form the United States of America