1. Unit 3: Civil War

2. Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

3. Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863
“…on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” “…the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons…”

4. Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation
Executive Order
Declared slaves in the Confederacy free
Did not cover slaves in the border states
Slavery would not be completely abolished until the 13th amendment passed in 1865

5. Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation
Did free 20,000 slaves
Did lay the groundwork for eventual freeing of slaves

6. Why free the slaves? Personal beliefs of Lincoln’s
To undermine the Confederacy from within
To have former slaves on side of Union
To prevent Europe from intervening

7. African-American Soldiers
About 200,000 served in the North’s military
3/5 of all black troops were former slaves

8. Gettysburg, PA

9. Gettysburg
July 4, 1863
Nearly 23,000 Union & 28,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing
1/4 of all Union soldiers
1/3 of all Confederate soldiers
Turning point
After Gettysburg, Lee was never able to mount another major offensive

10. Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863
Dedication of the National Cemetery of Gettysburg

11. Gettysburg Address Why give the speech?
To commemorate the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war
Inaugurate the cemetery
Opportunity to express the importance of the war to the American people

12. Gettysburg Address Read the address.
Summarize each chunk in your own words.

13. Gettysburg Address Why is it important?
Raised the principles of human equality found in the Declaration of Independence
“All men are created equal”
Connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with the desire for “a new birth of freedom”
Said the war was a test of the ideal of self-government
So that “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”