1. The Civil War to the End
Unit 2
Aligns with 2.5

2. Soldiers Suffering “Deadlier Than Bullets” Unhealthy Conditions
Spoiled food
Hardtack (biscuit) was most common
Stop bullets?
No latrines
Very little hygiene
Failed to wash themselves or their cloths
Results
Body Lice
Dysentery
Diarrhea

3. Improving Conditions
Women wanting to help in the war organized the United States Sanitation Commission
Improved hygiene in military camps
Do not pee in your water!
Trained field nurses
Built hospital trains and hospital ships

4. Famous Women Dorothea Dix Became Superintendent of Women Nurses
US surgeon general required that all Union hospitals have at least 1/3 women nurses
Clara Barton
Soldiers knew her as the “Angel of the Battlefield”
She predicted troop movements and would arrive at a battlefield ready before the armies did.

5. Famous Women Sally Tompkins
Confederate Nurse who earned the military rank of Captain
Belle Boyd
Nurse and Confederate Spy

6. Changes in Military Technology
Rifle & Minié Ball
Could shoot further and more accurate
Ironclads

7. Monitor(Union) vs. Merrimack (Confederate)
Battled for 4 hours ending in a draw

8. Civil War Technology First time used in War Telegraph Railroads
Telescopic sites (with rifle)
Machine guns
Observation balloons
(Submarines)

9. Railroads

10. Telescopic Site (with rifling)

11. Gatling Gun (machine gun)

12. Hot Air Balloons (Zeppelins)

13. Antietam (Turning Point of the Civil War)
Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson split their forces up and were going to meet at Washington, DC
LUCK! One of Union General McClellan’s scouts found a letter amongst an old Confederate camp and the letter gave away Lee’s and Jackson’s plan to split
McClellan attacked Lee
Bloodiest day in American History – 26,000+ casualties
Battle was a standoff
South retreated
If McClellan had followed and finished off Lee’s army, the Civil War would have ended here
McClellan was a cautious general however and did not
Lincoln fires McClellan and hires Ulysses S. Grant

14. Calls for Emancipation
Definition of Emancipation:
Freeing the slaves
Lincoln was hesitant to free the slaves
Why?
He did not want to anger 4 states in the North
His 1st priority was to “Preserve the Union.”
He did not think the constitution gave the President that power

15. Lincoln Quote
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it. If I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.”

16. Emancipation Proclamation
Issued on January 1, 1863, President Lincoln freed all slaved in the Confederate Territory
Who did Lincoln NOT free?
Why did Lincoln choose to word the Emancipation proclamation in this way?
What effect would this have on the South?
Union soldiers were happy. Most were not abolitionists, but were happy “to destroy everything that Gives the rebels strength.”

17. The Road to Gettysburg
McClellan could have stopped General Lee but didn’t
Southern Success
Victories at the battle of Fredericksburg and the battle of Chancellorsville
Fall of Stonewall Jackson
Was accidentally shot by his own men
Shot in the arm – arm was amputated
Jackson died 8 days later - pneumonia
Jackson was General Lee’s prized General
General Lee said, “[Jackson] has lost his left arm but I have lost my right.”

18. Gettysburg
Lee pushed North hoping to capture needed goods for his army
The battle started because of shoes
Confederate Army in desperate need of footwear heard that there was a supply of shoes in Gettysburg
The Union Army had just arrived a day earlier
Accidentally the two armies met in Gettysburg, the Union Army had already taken defensive positions.
90,000 Union
75,000 Confederates

19. Gettysburg 1st Day: 2nd Day:
General Lee was able to drive the Union out and take the town
2nd Day:
General Lee attempted to take the cemetery hill that the Union had set up defenses at “Little Round Top”
Confederacy tried to take it
They were met by a Union brigade led by the “Fighting Professor” and the Union held the hilltop
If they hadn’t the South would have been able to put artillery on the hill and defeat the North pretty easily.

20. Gettysburg
3rd Day:
The North and South set up artillery and barraged one another.
The North stopped firing, making the South believe it was safe to advance and once the south got close the North opened fire again.
This devastated the Southern Army
Both sides unsuccessfully tried to flank one another
Because of heavy casualties General Lee retreated

21. Gettysburg Casualties This was General Lee’s first defeat
North: 23,000 wounded or killed
South: 28,000 wounded or killed
This was General Lee’s first defeat
He wasn’t seen as invincible by the North anymore
Lee offered his resignation to Jefferson Davis
Davis refused
Vicksburg was taken the next day
The South never tried to invade the North again

22. Surrender at Appomattox
Lee, knowing that the war was over, arranged to meet with Grant in Appomattox Court house in Virginia
Grant negotiated with Lee for his surrender
Confederates could return home in peace with horses and possessions
Lee surrenders and the Civil War is over
Or is it?

23. Assassination of Lincoln
April 14, 1865
Lincoln and his wife went to a theatre to watch a play
John Wilkes Booth, an actor and southerner, sneaked into the President’s booth and shot him in the back of the head.
Booth was chased down by the military and refused to surrender, so he was shot and killed
1/3 of the people in the nation publicly mourned Lincoln’s death
This hurt the South for the next ten years
Radical Reconstruction

24. Assassination of Lincoln