1. UNIT 1 Syllabus Expectations and Lab Safety
Scientific Measurement, Accuracy, Precision
Scientific Notation and Sig Figs
Calculations and Conversions

2. c. Scientific Notation and Significant Figures

3. Bell Work- Scientific Notation and Sig Figs
1. Which of the following are safety equipment found in the laboratory:
Fire extinguisher
Graduated Cylinder
Erlenmeyer Flask
Safety goggles
Eye Wash Station
What are the 2 components of a Risk Assessment: 1. ____________ and 2.__________
3. Where can you find important safety information?
NFPA diamond
MSDS Sheets
The purple binder in the back of the room
Reagent Labels
The FDA website
4. What is the cell phone policy in lab?
__________________________________________________________________________
Answer these questions in your lab notebook (back half) and I will review their
completeness after roll

4. Bell Work 1/18- Scientific Notation, Sig Figs, Conversion
How many significant figures?
5,050
0.0008
1,000.
Convert
mm to m
6.2 L to mL
5.75 cm to m
10.5 kg to cg
2 days to sec 1 3 4
6200
0.0575
172800
Answer these questions in your lab notebook (back half) - we will have a quiz on Friday from
The bell work you completed Last week and Wed and Thurs this week

5. Learning Inventory
Learning inventory sheet (paper)

6. Rounding
Number adjacent to the number of places you wish to have. Is it a 5? Is it greater than 5? If yes, round the last sig fig in your number UP. If not, keep it the same.

7. Scientific Notation and Sig Figs
Here’s the BIG Picture
Topic
The Good Stuff t
Homework
Scientific Notation
What is Scientific Notation
Multiply and Divide sig figs
Add and Subtract Sig figs 13
9:30
8:58
Work on handout in class, complete remainder at home
International System of Units
The power of 10
5:26
Read 3.2 pp73-79, Sect Assessment evens
Conversion Problems
Dimensional Analysis
11:23
Read 3.3 pp80-88
3.8 Sect Assess, odds
Reinforcement
Handout
Complete remainder of handout for homework
Look for these:
Most Important
Real World Evidence

8. Scientific Notation Why Scientific Notation?
Scientists sometimes have to deal in very large or very small quantities, and scientific notation is a way of expressing that number.
Remember the Power of 10?
The Power of 10 Video

9. How To: Scientific Notation
Rules to Follow:
A positive exponent indicates that the number is greater than 1.
Example:
1,500, = 1.5 x 106
A negative exponent indicates that the number is less than 1.
= 2.5 x 10-5
Scientific Notation: Coefficient must be between 1 and 9
Standard Notation

10. What Is Scientific Notation?

20. Scientific Notation Practice!
Convert the following to scientific notation:
0.005
5,050
0.0008
1,000.
1,000,000
5 x 10-3
5.05 x 103
8 x 10-4
1.000 x 103
1 x 106
5 x 10^-3
5.05 x 10^3
8 x 10^-3
1 x 10^3
1 x 10^6

21. Do all numbers matter? How many mL are in this graduated cylinder?
Devices for measurement have a ‘limit of precision Not all numbers in a value are “significant.” Significant figures show the accuracy and precision of a measurement
How many
mL are in this graduated cylinder?
meniscus

22. Counting Significant Figures
4 Rules to Remember:
Non-zero Numbers are ALWAYS Significant
Sandwiched Zeros are ALWAYS Significant
Leading Zeros are NEVER Significant
Trailing Zeros are SOMETIMES Significant

23. NON-ZERO NUMBERS
Value Sig Figs
8 mm
42 lbs ?
678 mm ?
9 lbs ?

24. SANDWICHED ZEROS
Value Sig Figs 50.8 mm min lb ? m ?

25. LEADING ZEROS Value Sig Figs 0.008 mm 1 0.0156 oz 3 0.0042 lb ?
mL ?

26. TRAILING ZEROS
When a decimal is PRESENT: Trailing Zeros ARE Significant When a decimal is ABSENT: Trailing Zeros are NOT Signficiant Value Sig Figs 25,000 in yr 3 48,600 gal ? 25,005,000. g ?

27. Calculations Using Sig Figs
There are different rules for different mathematical operations: RULE: When multiplying and dividing the answer has the same number of significant digits as the value with the fewest.
Example:
23.0 cm x 432 cm x 19 cm =
The calculated answer is 188,784 cm3
The reported answer is rounded to two sig figs because 19 cm has the least amount in the problem.
The answer is 190,000 cm3

28. Calculations Using Sig Figs
There are different rules for different mathematical operations: RULE: When adding and subtracting the answer is limited not by the significant digits, but the limit of precision!
Example:
mL mL mL =
The calculated answer is mL
The reported answer is rounded to the tenths place because 46.0 mL has the lowest limit of precision.
The answer is mL

29. Practice Makes Permanent!
The Dice Game 

30. d. Calculations: Units and Dimensional Analysis

31. The Metric System Base Units [BU] Multiples of 10 Liters Meters Grams
1 Kilo = 1000 [BU]
1 [BU] = 100 centi = 1000 milli =1,000,000 micro = 1,000,000,000 nano

32. Units of Measurement SI Units What are they? Why are they important?
SI Base Units for the Quantities of length, mass, (volume), time, temperature, and amount of substance (counted number).

33. Quantity SI Base Unit Abbreviation
Length
meter m
Mass
kilogram kg
Volume
Liter L
Time
second s
Temperature
Kelvin K
Amount
mole
mol

34. What is a Conversion Factor?
A conversion factor is a comparison of two different units that allows us to convert from one unit to the other.
Conversion factors may be arranged differently.
1 meter = 100 centimeters
-OR-
1 meter
100 centimeters

35. Why use a conversion factor?
Your units are clearly indicated.
Reduces confusion on whether to multiply or divide.
Prepares you to complete more complex problems.

36. Metric Conversion Base Units
The metric conversion base units are almost the same as the SI base units with the exception of mass.
Mass = gram = g
Volume = liter = L
Length = meter = m

37. Prefixes That Make Conversion Base Units LARGER or smaller
kilo- Base Unit deci- centi- milli-
k m, g, L d c m
Makes the base unit LARGER
Make the base unit smaller

38. Prefixes That Make the Base Unit BIGGER or smaller
Quantity
Length
Mass
Volume
Bigger
1km = 1000 m
1kg = 1000g
1 kL= 1000 L
Smaller
1m = 10 dm
= 100 cm
= 1000 mm
1g = 10 dg
= 100 cg
=1000 mg
1L = 10 dL
= 100 cL
=1000 mL

39. How many minutes are in 2.5 hours?
What do you know about the problem?
2.5 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
60 minutes
2.5 hours =
150 minutes X
1 hour
Sig Figs:
Conversion factors are defined numbers
Units must cancel!

40. Practice Problem
You have $7.25 in your pocket in quarters. How many quarters do you have?
Identify what you know
You have $7.25
$1 = 4 quarters
4 quarters
$7.25 =
29.0 quarters X $1

41. Practice Problem 3 How many days old are you on your 16th birthday?
Identify what you know
16 years
1 year = 365 days
365 days
16 yrs =
5840 days X
1 year
Significant Figures?
5800 days

42. Practice Problem 4 How many seconds are in 1.4000 days?
What do you know?
days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
1.400 days x 24 hr x ??
1 day

43. Practice Problem 4 120960 sec 24 hours 60 sec 1.4000 days x x x =
60 minutes
60 sec
days x x x =
1 day
1 hour
1 minute
What will your answer be?
sec

44. Practice Problem 4 What is wrong with the following setup?
1.4 day x 1 day x min x 60 sec
24 hr hr min

45. Practice Problem 5
An adult human has 4.65 L of blood. How many gallons of blood is that?
What do you know:
1 quart = L
1 gallon = 4 quarts
4.65 L
4.65 L x qt x 1 gal = gal
0.946 L qt

46. Your Turn!
Independent or with small group of 2-3 people.

47. [INSERT VIDEO HERE]

48. When converting from one metric unit to another, if the known unit or the unknown unit is not a metric base unit (g, m, L), you must first convert the known to the base unit and then to the unknown unit. This will require 2 conversion factors instead of 1.
5.5 km to mm.
5.5 km →m → mm

49. 2.7 m to km 35 mm to cm 62.5 g to mg 5.50 mol S to g S 500. kPa to atm
Use the 3 step process to make the following conversions:
2.7 m to km
35 mm to cm
62.5 g to mg
5.50 mol S to g S
500. kPa to atm

55. Practice: Do the Following Conversions
255 mm to m
6.2 L to mL
5.75 cm to m
10.5 kg to cg
1050 kPa to mm Hg

56. Practice Problem 6 100 centigrams 605 grams x = 60500 centigrams
How many centigrams are in 605 grams?
What do you know?
605 grams
1 gram = 100 centigrams
100 centigrams
605 grams x =
60500 centigrams
1 gram

57. Practice Problem 7 1 m 14 nm x = 1.4 x 10-8 m Or 0.000000014 m
How many meters are in 14 nanometers?
What do you know?
14 nanometers
1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers or 109 nm
1 m
14 nm x =
1.4 x 10-8 m Or m
1,000,000,000 nm

58. Practice Problem 8 x How many meters are in 42.0 feet? 12 inches
What do you know?
42.0 feet
1 foot = 12 inches
1 inch = 2.54 cm
100 cm = 1 m
12 inches
2.54 cm
1 meter x
42.0 feet x x =
12.8 m
1 foot
1 inch
100 cm

59. Squares and Cubes
Use the conversion factors you already know, but when you square or cube the unit, don’t forget to cube the number also!
Best way: Square or cube the ENTIRE conversion factor
Example: Convert 4.3 cm3 to mm3
( ) 3
103 mm3
13 cm3
10 mm
1 cm
4.3 cm3 or
4.3 cm3
= 4300 mm3

60. Learning Check
A Nalgene water bottle holds cm3 of dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO). How many cubic decimeters is that?
1 dm = 10 cm

61. ( ) Cubic Practice 1 dm or = 1 dm3 or 1 dm 1 dm 1000 cm3 10 cm
( ) 3
1 dm
1000 cm3
10 cm or 3 3
1 dm
= 1 dm3
1000 cm3
10 cm 3 3 or 3
1 dm
1000 cm3
1,000 cm 3

62. Cubic - Example 1 m 5.0 x 10-5 m 3 50. cm3 100 cm
How many cubic meters are in 50. cubic centimeters?
What do you know?
50. cm3
100 3 cm3 = 1 3 m3 3 3
1 m
50. cm3 =
100 cm 3 3
5.0 x 10-5 m 3

63. Practice Time!
Work with the people around you- this means supporting your lab mates if you understand this!
Resources:
(7:58)
(7:12)
(5:30)
(7:37)
(4:43)
(4:31)

64. Learning Styles

65. Learning Styles 5-6

66. Learning Styles

67. Homework/Reminders/Etc.
BRING A CALCULATOR TO CLASS
Homework: