1. Precursors to the Civil War
Manifest Destiny… & The Missouri Compromise (1820)
The push for the west led to opposition surrounded by slavery
Missouri Compromise held that Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30’ parallel
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as free state
Territorial gov’t would be formed w/o restrictions on slavery in rest of land acquired from Mexico
Fed gov’t would assume Texas’s public debt in exchange for Texas yielding its border dispute w/ New Mexico
Slave trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in Washington D.C.
New more effective fugitive slave law would go into effect (in particular hoped to stop the Underground RR)
Opposition to fugitive slave laws
Often white & black abolitionists would protect runaway slaves from their pursuers w/ force
Gov’t would drop charges due to public outcry
How do you think this went over in the South?
Refusal of eliminating possibility of slavery in the west (new territory) upset the North.

2. Kansas-Nebraska Bill (1854)
Transcontinental RR to be built through Nebraska territory
Senator Douglass offered senators who wanted a more southern route a little incentive
Allow residents of territory to decide whether or not it would permit slavery
This would effectively undue the Missouri Compromise since the territory lied north of the boundary lines set for slave states
Bill was passed & the idea of “popular sovereignty” on issue of slavery was promoted (people of each state/territory choosing)
Battles began to ensue (became known as “Bloody Kansas”
Dred Scott ruling

3. Rise of the Republican Party
Other parties: Democratic Party; Whig Party; Free Soil Party; Know Nothing Party
Free Soil Party = opposed to slavery
Know Nothing Party = opposed immigration & Catholics (who were Catholics?)
Democratic Party = split on opposition to slavery
Republican Party = opposed to slavery
Whig Party = favored the rule of Congress/Constitution (broke up over ? of slavery)
Constitutional Unionist Party = neutral on slavery (many former Whigs joined this group)

4. Secession December 20th, 1860 South Carolina secedes To follow in 1861
1 month of Lincoln’s election
To follow in 1861
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas
Met on February 9th, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama
Created Confederate States of America
Elected former U.S. Senator (& slave owner) Jefferson Davis as president
Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, & Mississippi joined not too long after (total of 11 out of 34 originally… WV breaks off of VA & enters Union in 1863)
To avoid more states from leaving Lincoln put secessionists in jail, arrested state legislators, & limited freedom of press (in border states mainly, like Maryland)

5. Union States 1) Oregon 2) California 3) Minnesota 4) Iowa 5) Kansas
6) Missouri*
7) Illinois
8) Wisconsin
9) Indiana
10) Kentucky*
11) Michigan
12) Ohio
13) Pennsylvania
14) Maryland*
15) Delaware*
16) New Jersey
17) New York
18) Connecticut
19) Massachusetts
20) Vermont
21) New Hampshire
22) Maine
23) West Virginia
24) Rhode Island
* = Border state that remained loyal to Union but still had slaves

6. Fort Sumter South Carolina
Small union regiment was guarding Fort Sumter
Running low on supplies
Lincoln decides to send supplies
Says will not use force unless Confederates blocked the aid
Davis can either let them through or attack
Chose to attack the fort on April 12th, 1861
2 days later fort surrenders
Civil War begins (The 2nd American Revolution)
FYI – Gen. Anderson of Fort Sumter was actually best friends w/ Davis… remember this is a war b/w states/brothers…

7. The American Civil War Famous Players: Ulysses S. Grant Side: North
Abraham Lincoln
Side: North
Stats: Union President
Jefferson Davis
Side = South
Status = Confederate President
Robert E. Lee
Side: South
Stats: General
Ulysses S. Grant
Side: North
Stats: General
George B. McClellan
Stonewall Jackson
Side: South
William T. Sherman
Status: General

8. The American Civil War Initial war aims for the Union:
What did Lincoln say the goal of the war was?
Preserve the Union
Why not the abolition of slavery?
4 slave states were still apart of the union:
Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, & Maryland
Also had to overthrow the Confederate army & bring the 11 seceded states back to the Union
War aims for the Confederacy:
Maintain their territory & preserve their way of life

9. Crucial tactic for the Union:
“Contraband Slaves” = slaves who ran North to the Union were gains of war
Gave important tips on Confederate positions & increased Union forces
Helps turn the war aim to one of freedom
1st Battle of Bull Run (Virginia) (July 21st, 1861)
Union = 33,000 (General McDowell)
Confederacy = 22,000 (General Beauregard)
600 men died
People came to the battle site!!!
Confederate victory prompted Union Congress to pass the first Confiscation Act that said a slave owner who forces his slaves to fight for the Confederacy will lose his rights to those slaves
So what does this mean?
Also, prompted Lincoln to replace McDowell w/ General McClellan

10. 2nd Battle of Bull Run August 29th-30th, 1862
South: General Lee & General Jackson joined forces
North: General Pope  was suppose to be reinforced by McClellan
South defeated Pope decisively & Lincoln relieved him of his command
Lee then moved north to Maryland
September 17th, 1862 Battle of Antietam
One of the bloodiest battles
Over 20,000 killed/wounded in one day
McClellan was able to hold off Lee & forced him to retreat
However, he did not pursue Lee to destroy his army… this upset Lincoln & McClellan was relieved of his command

11. The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1st, 1863):
Economics:
North Resources:
Pop: 22 million
Factories (can produce war supplies easier)
Strong currency
Mineral resources
Good food production
South Resources:
Pop: 9 million (about 4 million of those were slaves though…)
Lacked factories
New currency
Fewer mineral resources
Struggled w/food production
So how is the South winning these first major battles?
2 advantages:
More trained generals/soldiers
Familiar w/landscape (since most was fought in south)
The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1st, 1863):
Set free 3.5 million slaves (left about 500,000 though in 4 border states)
3 reasons for emancipation
1) African Americans were playing a large role in the war
2) Union not doing so hot
3) Cut off Confederacy from GB
GB huge buyer of southern cotton
Take away slaves = limited cotton supply = less cotton exportation = less $$$

12. Gettysburg & Vicksburg
July 1st - 3rd, 1863 (Pennsylvania)
North: General Meade
South: General Lee & General Pickett
23,000 Union soldiers dead, wounded, or missing
28,000 Confederate soldiers (over 1/3 of Lee’s army)
North wins
Lee managed to retreat
May 18th – July 4th, 1863 (Mississippi)
North: General Grant (71,000)
South: General Pemberton (31,000)
Grant captured 30,000 Confederate soldiers & effectively took over the Mississippi Valley (richest plantation region in South)
Also, encouraged more slaves to join the Union
Gain control of Mississippi River
These were decisive wins for the North & began the undoing of the South

13. War Comes to an End 1864 April 1865
Sherman begins pushing through Georgia while Grant has Lee on the run
Sherman is able to capture Atlanta, one of the most important southern cities
Sherman & his army destroyed everything in their path as they moved through the south (slash & burn tactics)
In desperation President Davis tried to win back African Americans by offering them pay to fight for the Confederates as well as freedom for them & their families
April 1865
South concedes defeat
Left in ruin
Most battles fought in the South
Many areas destroyed (Sherman’s campaign for example)
End of slavery meant that plantation life was no longer as profitable
Confederate currency became useless
More than 600,000 men died
April 14th, 1865 Lincoln is assassinated

14. War Killers: Survey Says:
Of course, enemy fire
Starvation
Exposure
Disease
Measles
Dysentery = diarrhea
Malaria
**By the way many died not as a direct result of wounds but from the unsterilized surgeries that occurred b/c they did not realize the importance of sterilization/have a full understanding of microbes