1. CIS16 Application Programming with Visual Basic
Chapter Eleven
SQL Server Databases

2. Database Terminology Computer database
An electronic file that contains an organized collection of related information
Popular databases
Microsoft Access
Microsoft SQL Server
Oracle
Interface
DBMS
Computer program

3. Database Terminology Relational database
Stores information in tables composed of columns and rows, similar to the format used in a spreadsheet
Information can be related in different way
Table
A group of records
Records
A group of related data (fields)

4. Database Terminology (cont'd.)
Primary key
A field that uniquely identifies each record
Parent and Child tables
Tables related to each other through a common field
Foreign key
The field in the child table that matches the field in the parent table
Example of a two-table relational database

5. Connecting an Application to a Database
Data accessed from the database

6. CREATING A SQL SERVER DATABASE USING VISUAL STUDIO

7. Step 1: Defining the Database
Click Project->Add New-> Service-based database & specify the name of the SQL SERVER database in the NAME textbox

8. Step 2:Verification
In the Solution explorer, the MDF file will appear.

9. STEP 3: Server Explorer
Right click the MDF file and choose open, to open the SERVER EXPLORER Window

10. Creating Database objects
Or..open the SERVER EXPLORER, expand DATA CONNECTIONS, and EXPAND THE DATABASE, to see its OBJECTS
To create a table, right click TABLES in the server explorer and choose ADD NEW TABLE

11. Creating tables in Server Explorer
Table designer opens with a new empty table

12. Creating Table fields in Server Explorer
Two most important properties for field are:
Name: identifies field
Data Type: designates type of information that an be stored in the field
Defining fields
Choose a data type that minimizes the amount of storage needed for the data
Indicate if field can store a null value (no entry)
Indicate default values
Indicate identity fields – automatically generated; assign seed or increment
Indicate constraints – ex. Data in field must be > 100

13. SQL Server data types Bit Char, varchar, text
Boolean – value of 0 or 1, true or false
Char, varchar, text
Any combination of letters, symbols, numbers
Date, time, datetime, smalldatetime
Represents a date &/ time
Decimal, numeric: numeric data
integer and fractional portion
Float, real
decimal
Bigint, int, smallint, tinyint
numeric data with only the integer portion
Money, smallmoney
currency accurate to 4 decimal places

14. Creating tables in Server Explorer
Begin adding fields and field properties
To set a compound key, modify the TSQL
Be sure to give your table a good name before saving your SQL and before clicking the UPDATE button

15. Creating tables in Server Explorer
Click UPDATE BUTTON to PREVIEW
THEN CLICK UPDATE DATABASE TO ADD TABLE

16. Creating tables in Server Explorer
THE OPERATIONS WINDOW WILL DISPLAY THE STATUS OF THE UPDATE

17. Creating tables in Server Explorer
When complete, refresh, and the Server Explorer displays the table
Expanding the table will display its fields
Selecting a field will display its properties in the properties pane
Right click the table and select “OPEN TABLE DEFINITION” to redisplay the TABLE DESIGNER window

18. Relationships Associates rows of one table with rows of another
To create a foreign key relationship in Table Designer
Open the FOREIGN KEY TABLE in Table Designer
In the Foreign-key Relationships dialog box, right-click and choose Add new Relationship.
Replace the placeholders in the script pane
Click UPDATE to change the table and add the relationship

19. Adding Data to a table
Right-Click the table and choose SHOW TABLE DATA
Begin adding records
If you try to add a record that violates the foreign key, an error will occur!

20. Connecting an application to a SQL SERVER database

21. Connecting an Application to a Database
Before a software application can access the data is a table, it must connect to the database
Then, it must define the source of data
Data source connection wizard
Specify the data you want to access
Computer makes a copy of that data and stores the copy in memory as a dataset
Allows you to also test that the connection works

22. Data Source Wizard
dsadsa

23. Selecting the database
Specify the database which the data source will use

24. Saving the connection information
Click to save all of the information

25. Table selection
Next select the tables and fields which will be used in this data source

26. Finished Data source
The data source has created the data set definition and saved it in a DataSet file.
Test it by right-clicking the Data Set and choose Preview Data

27. App.config connection
Connection is defined in hidden file, app.config

28. Testing the data set
Right click data set in data source pane and choose Edit dataset with Designer

29. Testing the data set
Right click the table name in the Date source pane and choose Preview Data

30. Testing the data set
Click Preview button

31. BINDING TO THE DATA SOURCE

32. Binding the Objects in a Dataset (cont'd.)
Connecting a dataset to a control on the form
Connected controls are called bound controls
The TableAdapter object connects the database, retrieves the appropriate information, and stores it in the DataSet object
A bound control can then access the data using the BindingSource object

33. Binding the Objects in a Dataset (cont'd.)
5 objects in component tray
Dataset
BindingSource
TableAdapter
TableAdapterManager
Binding Navigator

34. Ways to bind data
Automatically create bound controls by dragging the dataset onto the form
If controls already exist, bind by dragging a field in the data set onto the existing control
When controls are bound, the form_load procedure has code written to it automatically to connect to the dataset

35. Automatically create the bound control

36. EX 1:Automatically Create Bound Controls (method 1)
Drag a field or the table from a dataset to an empty area on the form

37. EX 1:Automatically Create Bound Controls (method 2)
Drag the Table Object to the form
Creates a DataGridView control and a binding navigator control
The DataGridView control displays the data in a format similar to a spreadsheet
The BindingNavigator control is used to move from one record to the next in the dataset, as well as to add or delete a record and save any changes made to the dataset

38. EX 1:Automatically Create Bound Controls (method 3)
To display data in separate textboxes rather than DataGrid, click on Details and drag table by name onto form

39. Binding to an existing control
Microsoft Visual Basic 2012: Reloaded, Fifth Edition
Binding to an existing control

40. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control
Fewer data objects in the system tray

41. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont)
Drawbacks
Navigation toolbar is not automatically created
Dragging to existing control does not add a BindingNavigator object to the component tray
Doesn’t add a BindingNavigator control to the form

42. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control(cont)
To create navigation toolbar manually
add a BindingNavigator control and object to the application

43. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont'd.)
Set the control’s DataSource property to the name of the BindingSource object in the Items Collection Editor

44. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont'd.)
Alternative is to code the Next Record and Previous Record buttons to view the remaining records, using BindingSource component in the component tray

45. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont'd.)
The BindingSource object uses an invisible record pointer to keep track of the current record in the dataset
Pointer is stored in Position property, starting at 0
Can set position to move to record

46. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont'd.)
Can use the BindingSource object’s Move methods

47. Ex 2: Drag a data field onto an existing control (cont'd.)
When user clicks next record button, procedure should move record pointer to next record

48. DataGridView control

49. DataGridView control
Most popular, as can view lots of information at a glance
Displays the data in a row and column format
Each row represents a record, and each column represents a field
The intersection of a row and a column in a DataGridView control is called a cell

50. DataGridView control Drag DataViewGrid control onto form
Open smart tag, choose data source
If the project data sources isn’t displaying, choose add project data source, and complete the wizard

51. DataGridView control (cont'd.)
DataGridView control has a task list

52. DataGridView control Edit Columns used to improve appearance
Add or remove columns from DataGrid
Resequence controls
Set properties of bound control in Datagrid
Cell style, width, alignment, etc.
Can change the heading for the column

53. Binding navigator control
Microsoft Visual Basic 2012: Reloaded, Fifth Edition
Binding navigator control

54. Personalizing a Binding Navigator Control
BindingNavigator control contains buttons that allow you to move to a different record in the dataset, add or delete a record, and save any changes made to the dataset
Might want to include additional items on the BindingNavigator control
another button, a text box, or a drop-down button
Code is automatically written for binding navigator events

55. Customizing a Binding Navigator Control
Click the binding navigators task box to choose the item to add

56. Customizing a Binding Navigator Control (cont'd.)
DropDownButton added to the BindingNavigator control
Double-click to write code for new navigation item

57. Connecting an application to aN ACCESS database

58. Connecting an Application to a Microsoft Access Database (cont'd.)

59. Connecting an Application to a Microsoft Access Database (cont'd.)

60. The Copy to Output Directory Property
Data Source configuration added database to project
Referred to as a Local database
At run time, database in bin/debug folder is used
Will have 2 copies of the database
Copy to Output directory property determines how changes are saved to database