2. USING CINAHL AND PUBMED TO FIND NURSING RESEARCH ARTICLES Please turn on speakers for audio. Slides will advance automatically. Right click to pause or end. A Presentation for Saint Louis University School of Nursing Students By Mary Krieger, MLIS, RN Medical Center Library June 9, 2011

3. Difference between Google and a database Google (search engine) Searches billions of web pages… not necessarily journal articles No quality control of content Databases at SLU (CINAHL, PubMed) Cover specialized health sciences subject areas Selective in journals that are included More effective and time saving for students

4. Which database to choose--CINAHL? Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Subscription only--not free Covers English and non-English language journals Dates of most articles from 1981 to present

5. Which database to choose--CINAHL? Contains nursing-related subject headings Can limit a search to Research Articles and Peer Reviewed Journals Includes books, nursing dissertations, ANA and NLN publications, standards of practice, book chapters, and others

9. CINAHL link on MCL home page… http://www.slu.edu/libraries/hsc

10. Which database to choose--PubMed/MEDLINE? Produced by the National Library of Medicine 5,200 worldwide journals in 37 languages Includes over 20 million citations from 1940s to present Mainly peer reviewed biomedical journal articles Can limit to nursing subset

11. What is the difference between PubMed and MEDLINE? PubMed is the free version of MEDLINE Library also subscribes to Ovid MEDLINE Search interface looks different and searches differently Database is the same/citations same Your preference--choose one and become familiar

12. PubMed link on MCL home page… http://www.slu.edu/libraries/hsc

14. SETTING UP YOUR SEARCH

15. Write out your question In patients with central venous catheters, are gauze dressings or transparent dressings more effective in preventing infection? Identify the important concepts Central venous catheters Gauze dressings Transparent dressings Prevent infection (use only if result set too large)

16. Connecting search concepts in databases 3 search concepts: central venous catheters, gauze, transparent Use the Boolean operators (connectors) AND--will retrieve database records that contain all concepts in the same record. OR--will retrieve database records that contain any of the terms; use to connect synonyms NOT--will exclude database records with a specific term; use cautiously

17. Entering the search in PubMed

20. SELECTING SEARCH TERMS KEYWORD VS. SUBJECT HEADINGS

21. Two ways to search PubMed/CINAHL Keyword search--also called natural language Subject Heading search

22. Keyword searching… Searches for an exact character string Need to use synonyms for a concept Side rails, bed rails Older adults, elderly, aged, geriatric Consider singular and plural forms of words Child, children

23. Keyword searching… Formatting of words, e.g. needle stick (190 hits in CINAHL), needlestick (2,800 hits in CINAHL) Variant spelling, e.g. behavior, behaviour Two meanings for a word, e.g. walkers, AIDS Keyword searching is fine if you remember these caveats

24. Keyword technique--Truncation or Stemming Retrieves a word with various endings: Asterisk symbol * in most databases In PubMed--hospital* In CINAHL--hospital* Retrieves articles with any of these words: hospital, hospitals, hospitalized, hospitalization

25. Keyword technique--Phrase Searching Many web sites and databases allow quotation marks for exact phrase searching, e.g. white coat hypertension

26. Subject heading search… PubMed & CINAHL have a master list of terms called subject headings (MeSH in PubMed) One subject heading is chosen to represent a concept Example: Decubitus ulcer, pressure sore, bedsore Pressure ulcer--subject heading in PubMed and CINAHL

27. Subject heading search… Searches only the subject heading field, not title and abstract Pulls all records with the same subject heading-- spend less time thinking of synonyms Subject headings in PubMed and CINAHL vary slightly--CINAHL has more nursing-focused terms

32. Summary of keyword vs. subject heading Keyword Search--will retrieve records with an exact match in the title, abstract, or subject heading fields. Pros: Retrieves more results, easy to use (like Google searching) Cons: Less precise, more irrelevant hits, you must think of synonyms

33. Summary of keyword vs. subject heading Subject Heading Search--will retrieve all articles indexed in the database with that subject heading Pros: More precise, less irrelevant hits, you don't need to use synonyms Cons: Must use the master list to find subject headings, subject heading may not exist, indexing is imperfect

34. SELECTING ARTICLES FOR YOUR RESEARCH PAPER

35. Pitfalls to avoid… Letters, commentaries, news items, and poster abstracts are usually NOT acceptable as sources for your papers Avoid articles in consumer health journals and trade publications Try to find research that is conducted in a country and with a population similar to your practice area

36. EXCELLENT!! Is Cameroon similar to U.S. population?

37. Non-English Poster abstract-- note one page length

38. Consumer health journal-- probably not acceptable

39. None of these would be acceptable sources

40. Additional Resources Nursing Research Guide http://libguides.slu.edu/nursing http://libguides.slu.edu/nursing A web guide on how to use SLUs online journals, books and databases for your research SLU School of Nursing Library Online (Tutorials) http://nursing.slu.edu/online/library1.html http://nursing.slu.edu/online/library1.html Medical Center Library home page http://www.slu.edu/libraries/hsc/ http://www.slu.edu/libraries/hsc/

41. Additional Resources You may always contact the Nursing Liaison Librarian for assistance with difficult search topics: Mary Krieger, MLIS, RN Office: 314.977.8810 Email: kriegerm@slu.edu Permission has been granted by EBSCO Publishing to use screen shots from the EBSCOhost database for educational purposes only.