1. Chapter 4

2. Criminal Law Criminal Law – offences against society
Civil Law – offences against individuals (person to person)
Penalties help deter people from committing crimes
Guidelines for an action to be subject to Criminal Law :
Harm other people
Violate basic values of society
The law can help resolve the problem

3. Types of Criminal Offences
Quasi – Criminal Law (not Criminal) (Bylaw officers, traffic violations)
Summary Conviction offences
Minor offences
Dealt with quickly (max. 6 months jail, $2000 fine)
Indictable offences
Serious crimes with serious penalties
Hybrid offences
The judge has the choice to make it summary or indictable depending on defendants history, severity of offence, etc.

4. Requirements of a Criminal Offence
Actus Reus
A wrongful deed
Mens Rea
A guilty mind
Intent or knowledge or recklessness
Intent or Knowledge
General Intent – to preform the one action
Specific Intent – has further criminal purposes in mind
Knowledge
Knowledge of certain facts that a reasonable person would know (using bad credit card)
Recklessness
Careless disregard for possible results of an action

5. Offences without Mens Rea Motive
Minor offences (ex. Speeding, short weighting food, etc.
Motive
A reason for someone to commit a crime; a person can have a motive without committing any crime

6. Criminal Acts Attempt Conspiracy Aiding Abetting
Intends to commit a crime
Attempt begins when the person takes the first step toward committing the crime
Conspiracy
Agreement between 2 or more people to commit a crime or do something illegal
Aiding
Helping someone commit a crime
Abetting
Encouraging someone to commit a crime
Accessory after the fact
Someone helping a criminal escape detention or capture in any way

7. Criminal Procedures Quasi-criminal offences
Not guilty requires a court appearance, paying fine and signing ticket is sufficient of guilty plea
Summary offences (minor indictable)
Must be charged with in 6 months
Indictable offences
No time limit
Serious crimes, the accused chooses the trial procedure (jury/judge or judge or higher court)