1. Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins Give you Energy!
Nutrients
Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
Give you Energy!
Proteins

2. 2 Types of molecules There are 2 main types of molecules:
Organic molecules
From life -> contain carbon
Examples:
sugar
fat
protein
Inorganic molecules
Not from life -> no carbon
water
temperature
rust
Proteins

3. What is Protein? Makes up your body (up to ¼ of your body weight)
(muscles and meat are the same thing)
Proteins

4. Examples of protein Protein Examples Hair Skin Muscles Meat Nails
All organs
Eyes
The differences between organisms is mostly because of their PROTEINS.
Proteins

5. PROTEINS ARE ORGANIC MOLECULES
Just like carbohydrates and lipids,
proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
In addition, they always contain the element nitrogen.
PROTEINS ARE ORGANIC MOLECULES
Proteins

6. So what? What does nitrogen do? There is always extra nitrogen.
Your body uses it to make protein.
There is always extra nitrogen.
The extra nitrogen is poisonous.
The poison comes out of your body in your pee.
The name of the poison is urea.
The real name of your pee is urine.
Proteins

7. What does a protein molecule look like?
Long chains of molecules with many twists and turns.
The chains are made of Amino Acids connected together.
These long chains are called Polymers
Proteins

8. Monomer- Amino Acid
Polymer- Protein
Proteins

9. How Are Proteins Made?
Proteins

10. Essential- Must consume them (body cannot synthesize)
Nonessential- Your body can make (body can synthesize)
Proteins

11. How does your body make protein?
The instructions come from DNA.
The order of the Amino Acids determines the type of protein.
TOPS
Proteins

12. Where do we get our protein?
Food (protein) we eat – gives us our AA.
They are then rearranged into new proteins.
This rearranging is similar to playing Scrabble or Boggle
The letters in these games are rearranged to make new words.
The AA are rearranged to make new proteins
This rearrangement releases the protein waste changed into urine.
Proteins

13. How is protein stored? Not – must get some every day.
We get it from the food we eat.
Mostly meat, milk, cheese, eggs, beans, nuts and seeds
Proteins

14. Phenylalanine
You were tested for this before you left the hospital. (1 in 15,000)
It is an amino acid that some people cannot digest.
It is harmful to people with phenylketonuria (PKU).
If PKU is not detected early, an affected infant will become mentally retarded as the amino acid level builds up.
It is found in aspartame (NutriSweet)
Check out the sweetened food you eat.
Proteins

15. More Proteins Insulin regulates the storage of glucose.
2 important proteins help in energy storage:
Insulin regulates the storage of glucose.
Glucagon regulates changing glycogen back into glucose.
glucose
glucagon
insulin
glycogen
Proteins

16. Still More Proteins STARCH AMYLASE
Enzymes help to carry out specific chemical reactions in the body
amylase is an enzyme in human saliva that breaks down starch into sugar.
AMYLASE
AN ENZYME
STARCH
SUGAR
Proteins

17. Hydrolysis- breaks down polymers into smaller units
Proteins