1. 1 Testing Standards Reliability –The degree to which a procedure or test will yield the same results under the same conditions 1.Test-retest reliability 2.Internal consistency 3.Inter-rater reliability 75

2. 2 Testing Standards Validity –Does it test what it is supposed to? 1.Predictive validity 2.Criterion-related validity 3.Construct validity 4.Content validity 1.Emotion 2.Cognitive 3.Behavior SCORE = 100

3. 3 Assessment Process of gathering information and drawing conclusions about an ones personality Observations –Controlled (analogue) observations –Naturalistic observations –Reactivity Interviews –Formal standardized interview highly structured –Mental status examination determine an individuals cognitive, psychological, and behavioral functioning

4. 4 Projective Personality Tests 1.Rorschach Technique 2.Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 3.Sentence-Completion Test 4.Draw-a-Person Problems: -Reliability -Validity -Subjectivity

5. 5 Psychological Tests and Inventories

6. 6 Self-Report Inventories Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI and MMPI-2) Beck Depression Inventory Psychometrics

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9. 9 Intelligence Tests Primary functions: –Obtain IQ –Assess deterioration in psychotic disorders Secondary function: –Provide clinical data Wechsler Scales and Stanford-Binet Scales –Intellectual functioning is related to brain wave patterns and rate of glucose metabolism

10. 10 curmudgeon

11. 11 Figure 3.2: A Bell Curve Showing Standard Deviations 55 70 85 100 115 130 145

12. 12 Tests for Cognitive Impairment Detect and assess organicity –damage or deterioration in the central nervous system

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14. 14 Neurological Tests

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20. 20 DSM-IV-TR: The Five Axes Axis I: Clinical syndromes Axis II: Personality disorders and mental retardation Axis III: General medical conditions Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems –Prognosis: predict future course of disorder Axis V: Global assessment of functioning –Comorbidity: Co-occurrence of different disorders

21. 21 Evaluation of the DSM Classification System DSM-IV-TR: Stronger reliability and validity than previous editions Criticisms: –Medical (not social/interpersonal) orientation –Lacks scientific theory for classifications –Political/practical aspects inseparable from scientific considerations –Overlooks differences in degree of severity –Cross-cultural issues still overlooked –Question usefulness for research