1. Twenty Thousands Leagues inside the Optical Fiber

3. TELL ME … DO YOU EVEN?

6. RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers

7. Semaphore
Fire beacons
Smoke signals

8. Heliograph
Transmitter

9. Heliograph
Transmitter

10. Heliograph
Receiver
Transmitter

11. Photophone

12. Only straight line
Lossy medium

13. LASER = Amazing

14. Monochromatic
Coherent

15. Fiber Optic

16. Jacket: 400 µm
Buffer: 250 µm
Core: 8 µm
Cladding: 125 µm

17. Total Internal Reflection
Cladding n =
Core n =
Attenuation (at 1550 nm) ~ 0.2 dB/km
1% remaining power after 62 miles

20. 3.2 Tb/s 2 routes (north, south) 4 fiber pairs
40 channels of 10 Gb/s each
by Alexrk2 CC-BY-SA-3.0

21. In One Second
3.2 Tb/s
8 Blueray discs

22. Modulations Amplitude-shift Keying (ASK) Frequency-shift Keying (FSK)
Phase-shift Keying (PSK)

23. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
MUX
DEMUX
Single fiber
100 GHz channel spacing ~ 1550 nm
40 channels

24. Optical Impairments Four-Wave Mixing Chromatic Dispersion
Polarization Mode Dispersion
Cross Phase Modulation
Polarization Dependent Loss

25. 31 Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s
New fiber type
255 Tb/s over 1 km
50 channels × 5.1 Tb/s
200 Gb/s
31 Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s
100 Gb/s
7.2 Tb/s over 6,500 km 80 channels × 100 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
TAT-14: 0.4 Tb/s over 9,600 km 40 channels × 10 Gb/s

26. “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”
Isaac Newton