1. Quick Review What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
A mineral is a pure substance while a rock is a mixture of minerals.

2. Other ways to identify minerals
1. Colour of solid
What colour is the mineral? Sometimes the colour is not consistent due to impurities in the mineral. We can get a better idea of the real colour by looking at the inside of a mineral

3. Other ways to identify minerals
2. Lustre
Does the mineral appear pearly (like a shell)? Glassy? Oily?

4. Other ways to identify minerals
3. Streak
When you rub a mineral against porcelain, it can leave a
coloured mark behind. Different minerals have different coloured streaks.
Hematite

5. Other ways to identify minerals
3. Streak
When you rub a mineral against porcelain, it can leave a
coloured mark behind. Different minerals have different coloured streaks.

6. Other ways to identify minerals
4. Hardness
How easy is it to scratch the mineral? Some can be scratched easily, some need tools such as knives.
Hardness can be ranked on a scale of 1 to 10 (1= softest, 10 = hardest). This is called the Mohs Scale.

7. Other ways to identify minerals
4. Hardness
Can you cut calcite using apatite? ____
Can you cut quartz using feldspar? ____
Can you cut topaz using diamond? ____
Can you cut diamond using diamond? ____

8. Other ways to identify minerals
5. Magnetism
Is the object attracted by a magnet? Or does it cause a compass needle to move toward the mineral?

9. Other ways to identify minerals
6. Reaction with Acid
Does the mineral react with acid? If it does, it will produce bubbles (release of gas, chemical change!) This is called effervescence.

10. Other ways to identify minerals
7. Cleavage or fracture
Does the mineral break into smooth pieces (cleavage) or sharp pieces (fracture)?
Cleavage: Sometimes layers are visible.

11. Homework
Workbook p