1. Matter & Energy

2. Key Terms Matter - Anything that has mass and volume
Mass – the amount of matter in an object (how much stuff it’s made of)
Volume – the amount of space the matter occupies (how big it is)

3. Energy - the ability to do work Work - using force to move something

4. Matter and Energy are Conserved
Law of Conservation of Matter –
matter cannot be created or destroyed
It can be changed from one form to another
Law of Conservation of Energy –
Energy cannot be created or destroyed

5. Example of Conservation of Mass & Energy
Generators produce electricity. Are they creating energy?
What is the generator using to make electricity?
Is electricity the only form of energy created by the generator?

6. Example of Conservation of Mass & Energy
When a gasoline powered generator has burned up all the gas in the tank, has matter that was in the gasoline been destroyed?
What happened to the matter in the gas?
If 5kg of gasoline is burned how much smoke and exhaust is produced?

7. Kinetic Theory of Matter - 3 Parts
All matter is made of tiny particles
The particles are always in motion
At same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles

8. Temperature
Temperature measures the average speed of the particles within a substance
Faster motion  higher temp
Slower motion  lower temp

10. States of Matter Matter exists in 4 states Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
The state of matter depends on the amount of energy

11. Solid Lowest energy state Slowest particle motion
Particles vibrate in place
Particles packed tight and stuck to each other
Stuck in one shape and volume

12. Liquid Medium energy state Particles move faster than in solid
Particles packed tight but can slide past each other
Volume won’t change but shape does

13. Gas High energy state Particles move faster than liquid
Particles are far apart and bouncing off each other
Volume can change – expand and compress

14. Particles in Solid, Liquid & Gas

15. Plasma Highest energy state Particles move faster than gas
Particles break apart releasing light
Lightning, stars

16. States of Matter – Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties
Energy
Particles
solid
shape & volume stay the same
lowest energy slowest motion
vibrating in fixed position packed very close
liquid
shape changes volume stays the same
medium energy medium speed
sliding past each other packed very close
gas
shape &volume can change
high energy
very fast motion
move in all directions far apart
plasma
highest energy extremely fast
like gas but the particles have broken apart

17. Changes of State Endothermic Changes
Endothermic means “heat goes in”
Energy must be absorbed
Melting – solid becoming liquid
Evaporation – liquid becoming gas
Sublimation – solid becoming gas

18. Exothermic Changes Exothermic means “heat goes out”
Energy must be removed
Condensation – gas becoming liquid
Freezing – liquid becoming solid
Deposition – gas becoming solid

19. Sublimation – Dry Ice Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide
The freezing point of carbon dioxide is negative degrees Fahrenheit!
Dry ice changes from solid directly to liquid in normal atmospheric conditions (sublimation) without going through the liquid phase, hence the name, dry ice

21. Endothermic or Exothermic?
Gasoline evaporating into a gas
Ice melting
Water droplets forming on bathroom mirror
Hot liquid iron changing into a solid
Liquid nitrogen changing into nitrogen gas
Water boiling
Carbon dioxide gas turning into solid dry ice

22. Adding Energy to Matter
speeds up particle motion OR separates particles causing a change of state
As ice is heated its particles vibrate faster until it begins melting
While ice melts its temp stays at 0oC until all of it has melted
Once its melted the particles speed up again (temp rises)

23. Water Melting

24. Removing Energy from Matter
Slows down particles OR brings them closer to each other
As water vapor cools the particles slow down until they start to condense
Temp will stay at 100oC until all the vapor has become liquid