1. New Deal’s Impact on Americans
Did all Americans benefit fully from FDR’s programs?

2. Impact on Women 1) Women appointed to government positions
Frances Perkins = America’s 1st female cabinet member (Sec. of Labor)
2) Women face discrimination with jobs
NRA sets lower minimum wage for women than men
Some New Deal programs hire little to no women
However, women in workforce increases from 12 to 16%

3. Impact on African-Americans
Af-Americans did have some progress under New Deal, some held important positions:
1) Mary McLeod Bethune: headed the
Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA
2) “Black Cabinet”: organized by Bethune & supported by Eleanor Roosevelt
influential African-Americans who indirectly advised FDR on racial issues
3) A. Phillip Randolph led all-black trade union and criticized FDR for not support anti-lynching law or ending poll tax
Discuss: Why did FDR not do more for civil rights?

4. John Collier’s Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
- Government policy changed from assimilation to Native
American autonomy. There were three changes:
1. economic: Native American land belonged to the entire tribe
2. cultural: Native American children could now attend schools on reservations (boarding schools closed)
3. political: Tribes can elect their own tribal governments

5. New Deal Changes America
New Deal expanded power of federal govt (esp. President), made deficit spending normal and parts of it are still laws today
New Deal did not end the Depression, but stopped the suffering for millions of Americans
FDR re-elected in 1940 (3rd term), critics say he is becoming a dictator, FDR says country needs a Second Bill of Rights