1. What causes the Central Powers to lose World War I?
The Allies Win the War
What causes the Central Powers to lose World War I?

2. I. The Russian Revolution
A. March 1917: revolution erupts in Russia over food & fuel shortages
1. Czar Nicholas II is forced to abdicate (step down), is replaced by a Provisional (temporary) Government which continues the war
B. October 1917: a second more violent revolution led Vladimir Lenin & the Communists to overthrow the Provisional Govt.
C. Lenin ends Russia’s involvement of war & signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (gives some land to Germany)
Peace, Land & Bread!
1. Germany now mobilizes all of its troops to the W. Front (Dec 1917)

3. II. Central Powers Collapse
A. March of 1918: Second Battle of the Marne
1. 140,000 fresh US troops counterattack the Germans
2. Two million more Amer. soldiers arrive, Allies push Germans out of France
B. Oct: Facing Arab revolutions, Ottomans surrender
C. Italy joins the Allies
D. Revolutions break out in A-H  Hapsburg Monarchy is overthrown
E. In Germany, soldiers & the public turn against Kaiser Wilhelm II
1. Wilhelm flees Germany, new German Govt forms (Weimar Rep) which signs an armistice agreement (11/11/1918)

4. PM Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
III. World War I ends on November 11, 1918
Hapsburg Emperor Karl I
Ottoman Leader Enver Pasha
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Pres. Wilson
PM David Lloyd George
PM Clemenceau
PM Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Read Allied & German reactions to the Armistice on page 421
Who were the French thanking for victory?
How did the German’s feel about this event?
What is the main difference between these accounts?