1. Is civil disobedience ever an acceptable form of protest?
Bellringer #2
Is civil disobedience ever an acceptable form of protest?
Why or why not? Defend how your point of view agrees/disagrees with our Constitution and Amendments?

2. Lesson 35
How have civil rights movements resulted in fundamental political and social change in the United States?

3. Objectives
Explain why African Americans, women, and other groups found it necessary to take concerted action to ensure recognition of their civil rights.
Describe some of the goals and tactics that the civil rights movements have used.
Describe and explain the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Identify some ongoing issues involving civil rights.
Evaluate, take, and defend positions on landmark legislation involving civil rights and the role of civil disobedience in America’s constitutional democracy.

4. The Role of Civil Disobedience
Civil Disobedience was used only after using First Amendment rights of petition, free speech, and assembly proved futile
Civil Disobedience must be nonviolent and participants must be willing to identify themselves and accept legal sanctions
Puts conscience above the law
Critics
Weakens the law
Defenders
There can be no other final judge of obedience to law than individual
conscience

5. The Status of Civil Rights in the 20th Century
There are two kinds of segregation
De facto segregation (accepted by society)
Jim Crow laws, KKK
De jure segregation (required by law)
Brown v. Board of Education
President Eisenhower finally sent National Guard
troops to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 to
open public schools and enforce order

6. Origins of the Modern Civil Rights Movement
African Americans challenged and resisted Jim Crow laws from the beginning
Cooperative associations to assert community economic rights
Armed themselves (Black Panthers)
Taught black history
Different organizations worked to keep civil rights issues on the national agenda (1909 NAACP, Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights)
Petitioning local, state, and federal government

7. Civil Rights Act
In 1963 civil rights leaders organized public demonstrations throughout the South in which young people were prominent.
Media captured the confrontations and sent news of them around the world
Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, using its constitutional power under Article I to regulate interstate commerce so that it could regulate private activities as well as state action.
Outlaw discrimination in public institutions
End school discrimination
Prohibit job discrimination
Sue states that do not comply

8. Voting Rights Act Voting not addressed in the Civil Rights Act
Civil Rights protestors met in Selma, Alabama in order to march to Montgomery to protest voting discriminations, 1965
Several were clubbed and beaten
One was killed
President Johnson sent a Voting
Rights bill to Congress that quickly
passed
Prohibit racial discrimination
Eliminate discriminatory voting registration practices
Requires all governments to provide voting material and assistance in appropriate languages
Requires states and counties with a history of discrimination to be monitored by the Justice Department.

9. How the Movement for Civil Rights has Changed
Farm Workers
Cesar Chavez register minority voters and organize farm workers to demand better conditions in the fields of California
Native Americans
Several hundred Native Americans of different tribes met to discuss issues affecting their communities such as substandard housing, 80% unemployment rate, discrimination, and claims of police brutality.
AIM
Women
Turn their attention toward reproductive rights, equal pay for equal work, and harassment in the workplace.