1. The Key to John Locke
Learning about Locke's theories on limited government, unalienable rights, equal rights, and the consent of the governed

2. Warm Up
Read John Locke’s biography, or read more about him on the internet. Be prepared to discuss Locke’s beliefs on government, and why we still care about it today.

3. John Locke
John Locke was born in Bristol, England, on August 29, Locke's father wanted his son to become a minister, but Locke rejected this and studied medicine. Locke entered Oxford University in England and was influenced by John Owen, Dean of Christ Church College. It was Owen who first introduced Locke to the idea of religious freedom and the idea that people should not be punished for having different views of religion. Locke believed that all sides had the right to be heard.
John Locke

4. John Locke
John Locke wrote two treatises of government in In these treatises he said that the government should be like a contract or agreement between the people and the ruler. The ruler is given the power to govern the country as long as he doesn't abuse his position. In brief, Locke argued that sovereignty did not reside in the state but with the people, and that the state is supreme, but only if it is bound by civil and what he called "natural" law. If the ruler didn't keep the contract, the people could overthrow the government.

5. John Locke
Locke also believed that the people were entitled to natural rights such as life, liberty and the protection of their property. Many of Locke's political ideas, such as those relating to natural rights, property rights, the duty of the government to protect these rights, and the rule of the majority, were later embodied in the U.S. Constitution. Excerpted from:

6. Warm Up
Use the information you just read to answer the following questions
1. What are 3 of John Locke’s beliefs about government?
2. What U.S. document(s) are based on the idea of Locke?
3. How can Locke’s influence be seen in this document?

7. Key Words and Ideas Explain what you think these concepts mean:
1. consent of the governed
2. natural rights
3. state of nature
4. unalienable rights
--the idea that to rule, one needed to have the consent of the people they were governing, instead of just ‘divine rights’
--the rights of life, liberty and protection of property that everyone is born with
--the state in which people live where everyone is equal and you should not harm anyone or steal from someone else since this violates their given natural rights
--from the Declaration of Independence “the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

8. Connecting Ideas
Consider what you have learned about John Locke and his concept’s of rights (unalienable and equal rights) and government (consent of the governed) as you view the following paintings and photographs.

9. Norman Rockwell’s The Problem We All Live With
What is happening in this painting?
Which principles of democracy are illustrated by this painting? (Equality? Natural rights? Liberty? Unalienable rights?) Explain.

10. Dave Cutler’s Flag With Male Symbol
What is happening in this painting?
Which principles of democracy are illustrated by this painting? (Equality? Natural rights? Liberty? Unalienable rights?) Explain.

11. Tiananmen Square, 1989 What is happening in this photo?
How does this relate to limited government?

12. Study Guide
Complete the study guide by reading the following quotes from John Locke and then rewriting them in your own words to reflect their meaning. Then rate how much you agree or disagree with what Locke is saying on a scale of 1 to 5.

13. Study Guide What does this mean to you? Do you agree with him?
#1: “The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which treats everyone equally…[B]eing equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, or possessions.”
What does this mean to you? Do you agree with him?

14. Study Guide
#2: “We have reason to conclude that all peaceful beginnings of government have been laid in the consent of the people.” What does this mean? Do you disagree or agree with what Locke is saying?

15. Study Guide
#3: “The old [traditions] are apt to lead men into mistakes, as this [idea] of [fatherly] power’s probably has done, which seems so [eager] to place the power of parents over their children wholly in the father, as if the mother has no share in it. Whereas if we consult reason or [the Bible], we shall find she has an equal title.” What do you think Locke is trying to say?

16. Study Guide What is Locke attempting to convey?
#4: “Whensoever…the [government]shall…put into the hands of any other an absolute power over the lives, liberty, and estates of the people, by this breach of trust they forfeit the power [of] the people…who have a right to resume their original liberty, and by the establishment of the new [government] provide for their own safety and security.”
What is Locke attempting to convey?

17. Journal Entry
Using the terms, limited government, unalienable rights, equal rights and authority from consent, discuss or write a journal entry responding to the following questions:
How do you think John Locke would respond to Norman Rockwell’s painting? Dave Cutler’s?
How would John Locke respond to the events in Tiananmen Square?
Are all rights equal or are some more important than others?
How do we balance a limited government with the protection of equal rights?