1. Ionic Bonding and Writing Formulas
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2. Remember…… + + + Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Each element gains a charge -1
When electrons transfer Na + Cl
To make this Na + Cl +1 -1
Each element gains a charge
positive charge = cation
Negative charge = anion
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3. Oxidative States + Na Cl
These charges can also tell us the elements oxidative state Na + Cl +1 -1
Oxidative state – a super scientific way of showing how many electrons the element typically gains or loses.
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4. Oxidative State
We can tell the oxidative state of many elements by looking at the periodic table!!!!
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5. Rules
Some elements can have more than 1 oxidative state. For our purposes, this is what you must know…..
Group #
Oxidation # 1 +1 2 +2 3 +3 4 +4 5 -3 6 -2 7 -1
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6. Shortcut!! For Example: Aluminum + Chloride
Oxidation numbers are good to know. They are a means to a shortcut for writing formulas, instead of drawing Lewis Dot Structures.
For Example:
Aluminum + Chloride
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7. Shortcut !!!! Aluminum + Chloride
First, determine the oxidation number for each element and write it at the top right corner of the element
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8. Shortcut!!!! Aluminum + Chloride Group # Oxidation # 1 +1 2 +2 3 +3 4+4 5 -3 6 -2 7 -1
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9. Shortcut!!! Al+3 + Cl-1 Al+3 + Cl-1 Now, criss cross applesauce!!
Cross the numbers only, and write them at the bottom, as subscripts!!
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10. Shortcut!!!
AlCl3
Now, just for kicks, lets do it using Lewis Dot structures to see if we get the same thing
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11. Lewis Dot Structures Cl Al +
= AlCl3 + Cl + Cl
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