1. Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages 757-762 (May 2011)
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Novel, Noninvasive, Diagnostic Method for Detrusor Overactivity in Patients with Overactive Bladder Symptoms—A Preliminary and Experimental Study 
Fawzy F. Farag, Frank M. Martens, Kathleen W. D'Hauwers, Wout F. Feitz, John P. Heesakkers 
European Urology 
Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages (May 2011)
DOI: /j.eururo
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The method followed in deriving graphs representing cases of detrusor overactivity (DO) and controls.
OAB=overactive bladder.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Detrusor overactivity (DO) as detected by cystometry and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Part of the cystometry (upper part) with simultaneous NIRS bladder monitoring (lower part) of a 69-yr-old male patient who presented with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms showing the hemodynamic effects of DO represented by relative NIRS changes. An initial upward slope of the oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) curves, and of the curve representing the sum of both (Hbsum) is seen concomitant with the start of DO as evidenced by sudden increase in the detrusor pressure (Pdet) curve with urine leakage. This initial hyperemia was followed by a sustained downward slope in all NIRS curves until the end of the DO episode.
Pves=intravesical pressure; Pabd=intraabdominal pressure; Qura=flow rate; EMGabd=abdominal electromyogram; vin=volume of fluid infused in the bladder.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Effect of cough and Valsalva's maneuver on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) curves and abdominal electromyogram (EMGabd) when tested at the beginning of the filling session. Cough causes sharp rise in all NIRS curves and EMGabd (between the two vertical red lines). Valsalva's maneuver leads to a slower and more sustained rise in NIRS curves (between the two vertical black lines). The NIRS changes started earlier than the actual rise in abdominal pressure because the patient leaned forward prior to straining. The blue arrow points to re-zero NIRS to normalize all NIRS parameters before filling starts.
Pves=intravesical pressure; Pabd=intraabdominal pressure; Qura=flow rate; O2Hb=oxyhemoglobin; HHb=deoxyhemoglobin; Hbsum=O2Hb+HHb.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions