1. Nephroptosis and Nephropexy—Hung Up on the Past?
N.J. Barber, P.M. Thompson 
European Urology 
Volume 46, Issue 4, Pages (October 2004)
DOI: /j.eururo

2. Fig. 1
Kelly’s description of how to put on a corset in order to provide support for the kidneys [4].
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3. Fig. 2 Edebohl’s technique, 1890 [1].
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4. Fig. 3 Vulliet’s technique using erector spinae tendon, 1895 [4].
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5. Fig. 4
Vogel’s technique, suspending the kidney by capsular flaps off the 12th rib, 1912 [4].
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6. Fig. 5 Ledon’s technique, employing the 12th rib, 1922 [4].
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7. Fig. 6
The Washington laparoscopic technique, renal suspension achieved with a horizontal and vertical row of silk sutures, 1993.
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8. Fig. 7
Tc-99m Glucoheptonate renogram demonstrating normal sized and positioned kidneys in the supine position (A) and the subsequent descent and rotation of the kidney on standing (B) [30].
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9. Fig. 8
Diuretic renogram demonstrating obstruction of the right kidney on orthostasis [17].
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