1. Energy & Matter
Chapter 11

2. Ecosystem Function
One-way flow of energy
Cycling of matter

3. Matter and Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Food chains
Food webs
Trophic
levels

4. Diamondback rattlesnake
Red-tailed hawk
Producer
to primary
consumer
Gambel's
quail
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Yucca
Agave
Jack
rabbit
Collared
lizard
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Prickly
pear
cactus
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Roadrunner
Diamondback rattlesnake
Darkling
beetle
Bacteria
Fungi
Kangaroo rat

5. Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of energy flow Ecological efficiency (10%)
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of numbers

6. Ecological Efficiency
48 different studies - range of 2 to 24% trophic level transfer efficiencies
Average was 10.13%

7. Energy Productivity of Ecosystems
Primary productivity
Secondary productivity
Energy stored/area/time

8. Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
-Biogeochemical or nutrient cycles
-Hydrologic cycle (H2O)
-Atmospheric or gaseous cycles (C, N)
-Sedimentary cycles (P, S)

9. Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
Driven by physical forces

10. The Carbon Cycle Driven by biological forces:
photosynthesis and respiration

11. The Nitrogen Cycle Driven by biological forces: bacteria Root nodules
on legumes
Cyanobacteria
Driven by biological forces: bacteria

12. The Phosphorus Cycle
Driven by physical forces